建筑工程外文文献(含翻译)

外文文献：ConstructionofthecompetitionandcompetitionstrategyEngineeringandconstructionfirmsfromtheUnitedStatesdominatedtheglobalmarketformanydecadesbutrecentworldeventshavealteredtheirposition.Toinvestigatethedrivingforcesandtrendsthatwillaffectengineeringandconstructioncompetitioninthenextdecade,aresearchproject,calledtheAnatomyofConstructionCompetitionintheYear2000,wassponsoredbytheConstructionIndustryInstitute'sConstruc-tion2000TaskForce-Theprojectexaminedthefactorsthataffectcompetitiveness,includingthefollowing,Theshapingofcorporatecapabilities;verticalintegrationandhorizontalexpansiontoincreasecorporatecapabilitiesandmarketshare,includingacquisitionandmergersbyoffshoreconglomeratesandtheacquisitionofforeignfirmsbyU.S.companies.Financingoptions;theroleofprivatization,build-own-transferprojects,andthenatureofprojectfinancinginfuturemarkets,Management,organization,andstructure;futuremanagementandorganizationalapproaches,structures,andtechniquestoattractpersonneltoperforminaglobalcompetitiveenvironment.Workforcecharacteristics;futureavailabilityofengineeringandconstructionworkersattheprofessionalandcraftlevels.Technologicalissues:howtechnologywillaffectcompetitionandbeusedtooffsetworkforceshortages.ResearchObjectivesandScopeThisresearchproject'sgoalistocollectinformation,toadapttothe2000andtheengineeringconstructionafteradjustment,formulatestrategiesneededtoprovideinsightandformulate2000engineeringconstructionofpossibledevelopmentplan.Thisstudyreviewedtheprojectconstructionprocessofhistory,currentdevelopmenttrend,todeterminetheimpactoftheindustry,andtheimpetustothefutureindustrialenterprisesarerelatedtoreshapetheability,privatisationandfinancingmethodsofpotentialfunctionandmanagement,organizationstructure,methodsforfuturedevelopmentdirection.Researchscopeincludesselectedsomeofthecompany,thecompanyhasinterviewedexpertisepersonnel.Thestaffprofessionalwiderange,includingcommercialbuildings,publicbuildings,industrialinfrastructure,infrastructureconstruction,power,lightindustry.Theproductionprocessandspacescience.EngineeringconstructioncompetitivecharacteristicsEngineeringconstructionofcompetitionbecausethefollowingreasonsinchangefeatures:Inthe1980s,andplaninthe1990s,theimplementationoftheprojectconstructionareguidedfromcontradictorysituation,tocooperate.Shouldbeinapositiveviewofthenewcompanytoentertheinternationalmarket,becauseofitsconstructionincreasedglobalcooperationopportunities.Cooperationwillmakeallthepartners,becausetheAmericancompanybenefitcanbefoundinthecountrypartner,likewise,foreigncompaniesopportunitieswillbreakintotheU.S.Market.CompetitivestrategyFuturestrategyIn2000,thecompanywillstrivetodo:ProvidethehighestqualityserviceCanassumeanypartoftheworldInordertoreducethesplitgroundandriskcontrolOutininternationalmarketthemostcompetitivepriceInordertoachievetheideal,engineeringconstructionshouldbe:IncreasestaffcapitalinvestmentTheknowledgeandimprovelabortechnologylevelHavesolidcompletecommunicationsandtransportinfrastructureConcentrateonkeyresearch,productqualityisguaranteed,fine,andarousetheenthusiasmoftheworkers,improveworkerstechnologylevel.The21stcenturyisthemainfactorfractalringwillcompeteintheinternationalmarket,includingtheintegrationofproductivity,unionsalarytoabate,reducethepowerindustrymanagementandprivatization.Americancompanycompetitionability,largelydependsondevelopingandeffectiveuseoftechnicalinnovation.Americancompaniesneednotonlyusethetechnicalinnovation,domesticbyothercountriesoptimizationimprovedtechnology.Inthefuturewillbepopulartechnologyinnovationwillnotsomebigbreakthrough,buttheexistingtechnologycontinuousimprovements.BritishbuildingscompanyprofileIntheearly1990s,theheadoftheflexiblebuilderswhodon'tmakeabuilding,butwhatelsecando,makingmanybuildingscompanysufferedaseriousblowtheeconomicdepression,experiencedandexcessiveexpansionofrealestateindustryalso.But,whenhesawthemintherealestateindustry(inthebigmoney,mostoftheminordertodisencumberthebetdownagainintherealestatemarket.ByAlancosmasindicopleustesundertheleadershipofMr.ShawaienjoyintheoldfieldcompanyMerck'sreputationcanearncashonthebalancesheet,andcankeepthebalance.However,insomeareasoftheworld,thecompanyalsomanadilemma,especiallyintheUnitedStates,thechangefromaLouisianaoilandnaturalgasmarketofrecession,itisespeciallyoutstandinginBritain,thecommercialandindustrialrealestatemarket,thecompanyisfacedwithadifficultsituation,withprofits.Anditalsobecameworse.Thecompany'sdevelopment,walidUKearly1990sthirdbighousebuilders,probablybecauseLondonsuburbwillhaveacopyfromtheeraofGeorgesellbuildingsofformerprimeministerMargaretthatcherandworld-famous.Thecompany'scharacter,chairmanoftheuniqueLauriewalidfromMrOftengiveironladypublicsupport.Theapproximatemythologicalblessingthatheseemeddestinedtoenjoy.Infact,thecompanyalsoisdifferent,theinfluenceofthehousingslumpisstronginLaurie,undertheleadershipofthecompanynowrecoveritsstrongertowardsthefinancialstatus.Laurieretiredchargeagainsituation(1991fallafterhisretirementherestoredtothecompanyrecalled).Asmostofi