银行卡产业特征与反垄断难题

123F062.9AChallengesinAntitrustinBankcardIndustry(CenterforIndustrialandBusinessOrganizationDUFE,Dalian116025,China;ResearchCenterforRegulationandCompetitionCASS,Beijing100732,China)Abstract:Basedonrecentdevelopmentsintheeconomicsofbankcard,thispaperanalyzesthechallengestoanti-trustinstitutionsthatareimpliedbythedistinctcharacteristicsofthebankcardindustry.Theirgoodunderstandingisthefoundationtoprotectcompetitionandtheinterestsofconsumers.KeywordsBankcardindustry;two-sidedmarkets;Jointdemand;Antitrust2080Nabanco1996Walmarttwo-sidedmarketsjointdemandnetworkexternalities12310073211RochetTirole20042321AmericanExpressDinersClubDiscoverJCB1fp+mp−p1fmfm223InAnap−fp+mp−p2nafmIAn41RochetTirole2002HotellingSchmalensee200244ChangEvans2000Schmalensee56122SSNIP5CarltonFrankel1995ChakravortiShah20016ChangEvans200051462210113212468191120101fam468*S1911*S+20*S1self-defeating102004463NoSurchargeRule67SchwartzVincent2002ChakravortiEmmons2001Negenman199819901994199720038RochetTirole2002Wright2003RochetTiroleWright9107Katz20018MaserCardInternationalIncorporated(2001),SubmissiontoReserveBankofAustralia,Sydney14088V1:01-07-20,p.35-38.9AmericanExpress(2001),CompetitioninPaymentSystems,SubmissiontoReserveBankofAustralia,p.4-5.10VisToth200074HonorAllCardsRuleSignaturedebitcardPINdebitcard,199613111SSNIP11Evans2002812006922006132006283420055Chakravorti,S.andEmmons,W.R.,2001,“WhoPaysforCreditCards?”,EmergingPaymentsOccasionalPaperSeries,EPS-2001-1,FederalReserveBankofChicago.6Chakravorti,S.andShah,A.,2001,“AStudyoftheInterrelatedBilateralTransactionsinCreditCardNetworks”,EmergingPaymentsOccasionalPaperSeries,EPS-2001-2,FederalReserveBankofChicago.7Chang,HowardH.andEvans,DavidS.,2000,“TheCompetitiveEffectsoftheCollectiveSettingofInterchangeFeesbyPaymentCardSystems”,AntitrustBulletin,Vol.45,No.3.8Carlton,DennisW.andFrankel,AlanS.,1995,“TheAntitrustEconomicsofCreditCardNetworks”,AntitrustLawJournal,Vol.63.9Evans,DavidS.,2002,“TheAntitrustEconomicsofTwo-sidedMarkets”,RelatedPublication02-13,AEI-BrookingsJointCenter.10Evans,DavidS.andSchmalensee,Richard,1999,PayingwithPlastic:TheDigitalRevolutioninBuyingandBorrowing,MITPress.11Krueger,M.,2001,“InterchangeFeeintheLineofFire”,InstituteforProspectiveTechnologicalStudies,Spain.12Litan,R.E.andPollock,A.J.,2006,“TheFutureofChargeCardNetworks”,WorkingPaper06-03,AEI-BrookingsJointCenter.13Negenman,M.,1998,EUAntitrustLaw(Article85and86)andTheirPotentialImpactontheBankingSectoroftheCzech.14Rochet,Jean-CharlesandJeanTirole,2002,“CooperationamongCompetitors:SomeEconomicsofPaymentCardAssociations”,RANDJournalofEconomics,Vol.33.15Rochet,Jean-CharlesandJeanTirole,2003,“AnEconomicAnalysisoftheDeterminationofInterchangeFeesinPaymentCardSystems”,ReviewofNetworkEconomics,Vol.2,Issue2.16Rochet,Jean-CharlesandJeanTirole,2004,“Two-sidedMarkets:AnOverview”,IDEIWorkingPaper.17Schmalensee,Richard,2002,“PaymentSystemsandInterchangeFees”,TheJournalofIndustrialEconomics,Vol.L,No.2.18Schwartz,M.andVincent,D.,2002,“SamePrice,CashorCard:VerticalControlbyPaymentNetworks”,GeorgetownUniversityDepartmentofEconomics.19Vis,E.andToth,J.,2000,“TheAbolitionoftheNo-discriminationRule”,ITMResearchforCompetitionDG:Amsterdam.20Wright,J.,2003,“Optimalcardpaymentsystems”,EuropeanEconomicReview(47).9