基于STC89C52单片机的避障智能小车-毕业设计说明书

毕业设计说明书毕业设计说明书基于STC89C52单片机的避障智能小车设计毕业设计说明书基于STC89C52单片机的避障智能小车设计摘要本文介绍了基于STC89C52单片机的避障智能小车的设计与实现。小车主要通过单片机实现对自身的控制，使其能够识别黑线并检测障碍物，实现在固定跑道内行驶并且具有自动避障功能。本设计对单片机最小系统、电机驱动、红外避障等硬件电路分别给出了相应的设计方案。依据PCB设计的原则、抗干扰措施，自行设计了印刷电路板。该设计采用STC89C52单片机为控制系统，L298N作为电机驱动，四路红外线探测系统为避障系统，单片机产生PWM波并通过L298N来对小车的方向和速度进行控制。实验测试结果基本满足要求。采用的技术主要有：（1）小车以单片机作为控制器；（2）采用红外线探测系统实现对黑线及障碍物的检测；（3）通过单片机产生PWM波并通过L298N来对小车的方向和速度进行控制。关键词：STC89C52，单片机，L298N，红外线探测系统，避障，PWM毕业设计说明书STC89C52microcontroller-basedintelligentcarobstacleavoidanceDesignAbstractThispaperdescribesthedesignandimplementationofthesmartcarobstacleavoidanceSTC89C52microcontrollerbased.TrolleyprimarilythroughMCUcontroloftheirowntobeabletoidentifytheblacklineanddetectobstaclesandachievetravelinginafixedtrackandhasanautomaticobstacleavoidancefunction.Thedesignforthesmallestsingle-chipsystems,motordrives,infraredobstacleavoidanceweregiventhecorrespondinghardwarecircuitdesign.BasedontheprinciplesofPCBdesign,anti-jammingmeasures,todesignaprintedcircuitboard.ThedesignusesSTC89C52microcontrollerforthecontrolsystem,L298Nasmotordrive,fourinfrareddetectionsystemasobstacleavoidancesystemmicrocontrollerPWMwavegeneratedbyL298Ntothedirectionandspeedofthecarcanbecontrolled.Experimentaltestresultsmeetthebasicrequirements.Technologiesusedare:(1)carmicrocontrollerasacontroller;(2)usingfourinfrareddetectionsystemtoachievethedetectionofblacklinesandobstacles;(3)generatedbythemicrocontrollerPWMwavethroughL298Ntothedirectionandspeedofthecarcanbecontrolled.Keywords:STC89C52,Microcontroller,L298N,Infrareddetectionsystem,obstacleavoidance,PWM毕业设计说明书第I页共II页目录1引言.............................................................11.1本课题的研究背景...............................................................................................................11.2本课题的发展现状及前景...................................................................................................21.2.1国外研究现状....................................................................................................................21.2.2国内研究现状....................................................................................................................31.3本课题研究的意义...............................................................................................................42避障智能小车总体方案论证.........................................62.1直流调速方案论证................................................................................................................62.2设计方案的论证..................................................................................................................62.2.1单片机模块的选择与论证................................................................................................62.2.2电机驱动模块的选择与论证............................................................................................72.2.3避障模块的选择与论证....................................................................................................83避障智能小车硬件设计.............................................93.1系统硬件设计概述...............................................................................................................93.2避障智能小车硬件电路设计...............................................................................................93.2.1STC89C52单片机最小系统设计.....................................................................................93.2.2避障模块的设计..............................................................................................................123.2.3电路驱动模块设计..........................................................................................................133.3印制电路板的设计.............................................................................................................133.3.1印制电路板的设计原则..................................................................................................133.3.2PCB及电路抗干扰措施..................................................................................................143.3.3PCB设计版图..................................................................................................................153.4硬件调试.............................................................................................................................164避障智能小车软件设计............................................174.1避障智能小车应用程序设计.............................................................................................174.1.1电机驱动设计..................................................................................................................17毕业设计说明书第II页共II页4.1.2避障程序设计...................................................................................................................184.2程序下载以及软件说明.....................................................................................................185避障智能小车的整体性能测试......................................215.1避障智能小车避障功能测试.............................................................................................215.2实验心得..........................................................................................................