对某县生活垃圾填埋场设计原理及设计方案的研究

摘要随着现代社会的迅速发展，城市垃圾己成为困扰城市的严重问题。卫生填埋是目前国内应用最为广泛的垃圾处置方式。卫生填埋场是城市不可或缺的公共设施，它的建设是改善城市环境质量、提高人民生活水准的重要举措。本文以山阳县城生活垃圾填埋场为工程背景，从填埋场场址选择、坝体设计、工程防渗、渗滤液的处理以及对周围环境所造成的影响等方面对垃圾填埋场设计进行了分析研究：垃圾填埋场的设计首先要考虑的是填埋场场址的合理选择，它决定着该项目的经济效应、各种处理工艺的选择、填埋场安全性及对周边环境的影响。因此合理的选择场址是进行合理设计的基础。为了保证填埋场的安全使用和维护，不仅要对填埋场的垃圾坝体进行精心设计，还要对影响其功能的各项因素进行分析，包括填埋场的沉降、渗滤液导排的畅通、防渗层的可靠性、防洪等。在工程设计当中，应结合当地的水文地质和工程地质条件，选择合理的防渗结构与材料，将土工膜与低渗透性的土层组成复合防渗衬垫比采用单一材料的防渗层更好。对渗滤液的处理中，通过UASB（升流式厌氧反应器）与SBR工艺结合、UBF（升流式复合厌氧反应器）与氧化沟工艺结合和升流式厌氧过滤器与缺氧/好氧工艺结合的比较，最终选择UASB（升流式厌氧反应器）与SBR工艺结合作为渗滤液的处理工艺，提高了渗滤液中CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N、SS去除率，从而防止了渗滤液对环境的二次污染。关键词：城市垃圾填埋场；场址选择；工程防渗；渗滤液处理AbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofmodernsocietyandeconomy,thegarbagehasbecomeaseriousproblemfortowns.LandfilliscommonlyusedforthegarbagedisposalinChina.Itisanindispensablepublicfacilityoftowns.Landfillengineeringisimportanttoimprovethequalityofurbanenvironmentandthepeople'slivingstandards.Thethesistakesthelandfillofatown’slifegarbageasanexample,andanalyzesthelandfilldesignfromthefollowingaspects:theselectionoflandfillsite,damdesign,seepageprevention,thehandlingoftheleachate,andtheimpactonthesurroundingenvironmentetc.Landfillsiteshouldbeconsideredfirst.Aproperlandfillsitewilldetermineitseconomiceffect,thechoiceofallkindsoftechniques,itssafetyanditsimpactonthesurroundingenvironment.Aproperlandfillsiteisthefoundationforafinelandfilldesign.Inordertoensurethesafetyandconvenientmaintenanceofalandfill,weshouldnotonlymakeanelaboratedesignofthegarbagedamforthelandfill,butalsoshouldanalyzethefactorsthatinfluenceitsfunction,suchasthesettlementoflandfill,thesmoothflowofleachate,thereliabilityoftheimperviouslayer,andthefloodprevention.Inlandfilldesign,consideringthelocalhydro-geologicalandengineeringgeologicalconditionstherightimperviousstructureandmaterialsshouldbechosen.Compoundanti-seepageunder-layermadeofgeomembraneandthelowpermeabilitysoilismuchbetterthanasinglelayerofimpermeablematerial.Forthehandlingofleachate,comparingthecombinationofUASB(upflowanaerobicsludgeblanket)andSBR,withcombinationofUBF(upflowcompositeanaerobicreactors)andoxidationditch,andwiththecombinationofupflowanaerobicfilterandhypoxia/aerobictechnique,wefindthatthecombinationofUASBwithSBRisthebestwayforlandfillleachatehandling.ItcanimprovetheremovingrateofCODcr,BOD5,NH3-N,SSinleachate,andsoastopreventsecondarypollutioncausedbyleachate.Keywords：Citylandfill;Siteselection;Imperviousengineering;Leachatetreatment目录第一章绪论.........................................................................................................................1第二章研究背景....................................................................................................................11.1.1城市垃圾处理现状............................................................................................11.1.2国内外垃圾填埋处理技术的发展历史............................................................11.1.3我国垃圾处理现状及动态................................................................................31.1.4我国垃圾填埋处理依据的相关法律法规与标准............................................51.2研究的内容及意义....................................................................................................61.2.1研究的内容........................................................................................................61.2.2本研究的意义：................................................................................................6第二章项目工程背景资料.................................................................................................8第三章2.1项目概况....................................................................................................................82.1.1城市地理概况....................................................................................................82.1.2工程地质............................................................................................................82.1.3水系与水质情况................................................................................................92.1.4社会经济概况....................................................................................................92.2生活垃圾的产生量和处理现状..............................................................................102.2.1环卫设施及垃圾处理现状..............................................................................102.2.2垃圾成分的调查和预测..................................................................................102.2.3收集与清运、管理现状..................................................................................11第三章生活垃圾处理工艺方案研究...............................................................................123.1垃圾卫生填埋技术特点及应用..............................................................................123.2垃圾填埋场的选址..................................................................................................133.2.1垃圾填埋场址选择的基本原则......................................................................133.2.2建设场址比选..................................................................................................143.3垃圾卫生填埋库容、服务年限、垃圾产量预测..............................................