塑性成形与模具设计专业英语翻译

3.1Metalformingisoneofthefundamentalmanufacturingprocessinwhichplasticdeformationisusedtochangetheshapeofmetalworkpieces.Itplaysanimportantpartinmetallurgy,machinebuilding,power,autobile,railroad,aerospace,ship-building,weapon,chemical,electronics,instrumentandmetermakingandlightindustries.Amongmanufacturingprocesses,metalformingrepresentsahighlysignificantgroupofprocessesbothforproducingsemifinishedproductsaswellasforthemanufacturingofcomsumergoodsandmilitarycomponents.金属成型是一种用来改变金属工件的形状的塑性加工过程。金属成形在冶金、机械制造、电力、汽车、铁路、航空、造船业、武器、化工、电子、仪器和仪表制造和轻工业起着重要的作用。在制造过程中，金属成型是一个非常重要既生产消费品又生产军用零部件半成品的生产制造过程组。5.1Extrusionisabulkformingprocessinwhichthebilletisforcedthroughadiebyusinghighpressure.Ittransformscastandhomogenizedbilletstorods,opensectionsandhollowsectionsbypressingthebilletinthecontainerwitharamthroughadieinahydraulicpress.Partshaveconstantcross-section.挤压是一种塑性成形过程中通过高压使胚料受力被强迫通过模口。将棒状铸造胚料均质化，使用柱塞通过在液压机模具零件有恒定的横截面来通过压坯在容器开口截面空心型材。6.1Sheet-metalpartsareusuallymadebyformingmaterialinacoldcondition,althoughmanysheet-metalpartsareformedinahotconditionbecausethematerialwhenheatedhasalowerresistancetodeformation.钣金零件通常由材料形在低温条件下成型的，也有许多钣金零件在热的条件下形成，因为当加热时材料具有较低的抗变形性。2.1Metalheattreatmentprocessingisatechniqueforaddingcharacteristicsnecessaryformetalbyheatingandcoolingmetalmaterialsormetalpartswithoutchangingtheproductshape.金属热处理是一个用于添加金属所需特性的加热和冷却金属材料的技术且金属零件不改变产品形态。Tolearnhowthermalprocessingcanalterphysicalandmechanicalproperties,ironanditsalloysteelcanbeusedasexamplesofferrousmetals.Beinganalloyofironandcarbon,steelisalsoallotropic,existinginseveralforms.要学会热处理可以改变的物理和机械性能，铁及其合金钢可用于有色金属的例子。是铁和碳的合金，钢也是同素异形体，以多种形式存在的。referringtothesteelequilibriumdiagram.itcanbethatabove727steelisinasolidstatewithastructurecalledaustenite，orgammairon，asinglephasefccsolidsolution.铁碳合金相图，它可以是727摄氏度以上的钢是具有结构的固体称为奥氏体或γ铁的单相催化裂化固溶体。thefccunitcellofironatomscontainsintersticesthatarelargeenoughforthesmallcarbonatomstooccupy,produinganinterstitialsolidsolution.铁原子的面心立方晶胞含有的间隙由足够大的小的碳原子占据，生成一个间隙固溶体。Manyhot-workingoperationsinindustrytakeplacewithsteelheatedtoatemperaturethatproducesthisaustenitephase.许多在工业热加工作业将钢加热到一定温度从而产生这种奥氏体相。9.1Thefirstqualitiesrequiredindiematerialsarethosethatresistdeformationundertheappliedformingload.在模具材料所需的第一要素是应用成形载荷下的抵抗变形Thismeansthatdiematerialsmustnecessarilyhaveahighcompressiveortensileyieldstrengthandthisconsiderationeffectivelydesignsthedieforoneidealformingcycle.意思就是模具材料必须具有高的压缩或者拉伸屈服强度，这种考虑有效设计的模具为一个理想的成型周期。