HOW-TO-WRITE-A-SUMMARY-3结合高考题

HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY步骤解释确定主题句确定主题句，一般在段首。如果没有主题句，需要自己组合。寻找关键词关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。重构主题句概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句，可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。重组支撑句支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。文体主题句支撑句议论文文章论点（一句）文章论据（两三句）记叙文故事的写作目的/主题（一句）故事大意说明文说明的对象/观点/现象解释/分述1．概括的形式是：主题句+支撑句关键词主题句:瞄准的故事的“主题”支撑句:写故事的大意，支撑主题句补充主题句没有说完的•TheBestGift•DellaandJimbrokeawayfromtheirfamiliestogetmarried.Nowtheylivedinasmallattic(阁楼)ofacoldandoldbuilding.Theywerenowdigestingthehardshipoflife.Theonlyjoywastheirsweetloveforeachother.•Thehandsomehusbandhadtobeburdenedwithafamilythoughhewasyoung.Thebeautifulwifetookcareoftheoldhousewiththefewcoinsshesaved.•Christmaswascoming.Theywerethinkingofagoodgiftforeachother.Dellaworeawaterfall-like(瀑布似的)blackhair,buthercombwasbroken.Jimhadagoldwatchwithanoldchain,whichwaspassedfromhisoldgrandfathers•Thebigdayfinallycame.Onarrivinghome,JimwassurprisedtofindDella’slonghaircutshort.ButDellawasalsosurprisedtofindJim’sgoldwatchgone.Shehadsoldherhairtobuyagoldwatchchainforhim!Hehadsoldhisgoldwatchtobuyanexpensivecombforher!Thegiftswerenowuseless.Butinfacttheygotthebestgifts.关键词Della,Jim,love,gift主题句:瞄准的故事的“主题”ThetextisaboutagiftoflovebetweenJimandDella./JimandDellawantedtobuyagiftforeachother.支撑句:写故事的大意，支撑主题句补充主题句没有说完的Bothofthemsoldwhattheylikedbesttobuyagiftfortheother./Sotheysoldwhattheylikedbesttobuyagiftfortheother.Thegiftswereinfactthetruelovetoeachother./Thetrueloveisthebestgift.•SpeakingMandarinChinese•InChina,thereareover100differentdialects,whicharesocomplicatedthatevenpeoplefromneighboringvillagesmaynotunderstandeachother.IntheInformationAge,suchbarrieroflanguagemustberemovedbypopularizingMandarinChinese(推广普通话)becauseitinversely(相反)affectsthequalityandefficiencyoforalcommunication.•PopularizingMandarinChineseisofgreatimportancebecauseitmaypushupoureconomicgrowth,acceleratethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andpromotetheunification(统一)ofChina.Withapopulationofover1.3billionpeopleitisnotaneasytask.Butwemustdoitanddoiteffectively.•WehavemanythinstodoinMandarinChinesePopularizing.First,weshouldcarryoutamasseducationontheimportanceofspeakingMandarinChinesetomakeeveryoneunderstandthatitishisresponsibilitytodoso.Inthepast,littleprogresshasbeenmadeinisolatedruralareasbecausethenativesdonotbothertotakepainstolearntospeakMandarinChinese.Next,speakinggoodMandarinChineseshouldbecompulsoryinclassrooms,inpublicoffices,inmoviesandTVprogramsinChina.Finally,weshouldattachgreatimportancetopubliceducationbecauseChinahaslargeilliteratepopulation.Apoorlyeducatednationhasnointernationalreputation.PopularizingMandarinChineseisnotonlythefirststepinchangingChinaintoabetter-educatednation.关键词主题句:瞄准文章的论点支撑句:瞄准文章的论据（原因与出路）关键词PopularizingMandarinChinese,importance,todothings主题句:瞄准文章的论点VariousdialectsmakeitnecessarytoPopularizingMandarinChinese.支撑句:瞄准文章的论据（原因与出路）Ithelpstodevelopeconomy,speedupinformationexchange,andkeepChinaasamoreunifiedcountry.Weshouldrealizeitsimportanceandmakeitacompulsorycourseatschool.•Thereisagrowingdebateaboutthemosteffectiveway'forstudentstostudy.Traditionallystudyingalonewasthoughttobethebestwaytoensuregoodexamresults.Whenstudyingaloneyoucanfocusyourmindbetterthanwhenyouarewithothers.Youalsohavethefreedomtochoosewhattopictostudyandwhen,asyoudon'tneedfileagreementofothers.Studentsthatprefertostudyaloneoftensaythatwhentheystudywiththeirclassmatestheywastealotoftimebecausethediscussionisoftenaboutnon-studytopicssuchastelevisionorholidays.•Inthelastfewyears,however,moreandmorestudentshavestartedstudyingingroups.Thereareseveralreasonsmanystudentspreferthismethod.First,theyfindthatstudyingismorefunastheycansharetheexperiencewithothersratherthanstayingintheirrooms.Ingroups,theycandiscussthesubjecttogetherandwhensomethingisnotunderstoodtheycanaskeachotherquestions.Theycanusetheknowledgeoftheirclassmatestohelpimprovetheirownknowledge.Finallybydiscussingthetopicthey,areabletobothunderstandandrememberitbetter.关键词主题句:瞄准说明的对象支撑句:说明对象的原因关键词Effectiveway,studyingalone,studyingroups主题句:瞄准说明的对象”Thearticlecomparesthebenefitsofstudyingalonetothoseofstudyingingroups.支撑句:说明对象的原因Studyingaloneallowsstudentstoremainfocusesandavoidinterruption,whilegroupstudycreateamoreenjoyablelearningenvironment.•读写任务之正文部分•整个写作框架：•标题（看题目是否要求）•第一段Summary(25-35个词之间为最佳)•第二段：议论文：过渡词引出主题句---自己的观点----例证•记叙文：过渡词+与阅读文章主题相同但情节不同的故事•第三段：即总结句，套语配名言来点题，要前后呼应。•议论文的过渡语：•表示赞同•Iagreewiththestatementthat…•IfullysupportthestatementabovebecauseIamverysure…•Iquiteagreewiththewriter’sidea.•(2)表示不赞同•Ipartlyagreewithwhatthewritersaid.•Insomeway,Iagreewith…but…•Iamstrongagainstthewriter’sidea.•(3)表达自己的观点•AsfarasIamconcerned…•Frommypersonalpointofview…•Accordingtomyexperience,Ithinkthat…•记叙文的过渡句•Thisstoryremindsmeofanotherstorythathappenedto…•Thestoryremindsmeofasimilarexperienceof…•Ialsowentthroughsuchanexperience.•AhasasimilarexperienceasB.•总结句开头语•Inconclusion…,Inshort…,Tomakealongstoryshort…,Inaword…•Johnwantedtogiveup/quitsmokingbutfaiedbecausehelackdetermination/strongwill.PeoplelikeJohnwhohasnostrongwillwillneversucceed.2009年高考题•[写作内容]•1．以约30个词概括这段短