高中英语非谓语动词的用法讲解

非谓语动词语法讲解非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive不定式Gerund动名词Participle分词Structure:tobedoneInfinitive:todoNegative(否定):nottodoPassivevoice:(1).主语Subject不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.It____________________________________.Itisadj.(forsb)todosth.Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apitytodo.Ittakessb+timetodo.isimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight(2).表语PredicativeMyjobisYourtask______________(努力学习).istostudyhardToseeistobelieve.toteachyouEnglish.Thesedayseveryonewantstogetrichfast.(3)宾语Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree，etc.+todoliketodomanagetodothinkconsiderfindmakefeel形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。Ihopetohearfromyousoon.5.我决定不留下来。Idecidednottostay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Studentsthought______________________.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。Shethoughtitunnecessarytoarguewithhim.itinterestingtoplaycomputergames.it+adj.+todo巩固练习Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.(4).宾补Complement五看watchseelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feel当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.医生建议他去南方.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.+sbtodoImadehimdohiswork.He______________________byme.Seesbdosth---sbbeseentodoHewasseen___fromthetreeandgethurt.A.fallB.tofallC.fallingD.fallen改错:Hewasheardtalktohismotherforanhour.totalkwasmadetodohiswork(5).定语Attributive(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)Heislookingfor__________.（一间可以住的房子）Thereisnothing___________.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。I’dlike________________________________.afewbookstoreadduringthejourney---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?---Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudytoworryaboutThetopicstobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.（没有什么可担心的）aroomtoliveinIcameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)状语Adverbialinorderto,soasto,1.表目的2.表原因Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.3.表结果Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.enough…to,too…to,onlyto,etc.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.1.作主语2.作表语3.作宾语4.作宾语补足语5.作定语6.作状语在句中承担的成分:主动语态被动语态进行式完成式完成进行式TenseandVoice（时态与语态）tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone----------tohavebeendoing----------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)•who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。Idon’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitationornot.(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语)不定式与疑问词连用:•关于省略(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?A.I’dliketoB.I’dliketogoYes,_______.A.I’dliketobe.B.I’dliketo.Yes,______.不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbut____.(cry)(2).Ihavenochoicebut____.(go)(3).Whatdoyoulike____besides____.(do,sleep)crytogotodosleep(eat,giveup,finish,explain,tell)1.Myteacherwasmade_______histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.togiveupexplaining/tobeexplainedtobefinishednottoeat3.Wefinditimpossibleforthework__________aheadoftime.4.Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.2.Thesentencewants________________oncemore.5.Imeant_________youaboutit,butIforgottodoso.tohavetold1.(MET9214)--Iusuallygotherebytrain.--Whynot____byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(MET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding4.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.(97上海12)A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned3.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(96上海14)A.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded5.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake•不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.•固定句型:hadbetter+(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事Why(not)dosth.?…prefertodo/preferdoing…prefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingB…prefer+todoAratherthan(to)doB…wouldrather(not)dosth.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B…wouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做……注意以下几种情况不定式的用法*在thefirst,thesecond…，thelast和only之后，只能用todo。如：Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom．*如果understand，realize,know用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用todo。如：Ibegantounderstandthetruth．*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用nottodo,而用inordernottodo或soasnottodo。如：(√)Inordernottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．(×)Nottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．(√)Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen．*soastodo一般不放在句首。(√)Hegetupatfivethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus．(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus，hegotupatfivethismorning．1.Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.A.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.A.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpa