25年来中国旅游容量研究的回顾与反思

28120091GEOGRAPHICALRESEARCHVol128,No11Jan1,2009:2008207207;:2008211220:;(sm200411417005):(19742),,,Email:lichen@igsnrr1ac1cn251,2,2,2(11,100083;21,100101):2080,,25,:;;,,,:;();;;,:;;:100020585(2009)0120235211,,,,,,21,,,,,,,,,25(19832008)?,11111979()/1,,91,23628,,,,2000,,19831999,1821,,20002008,73,17,1983199942000,,,,,,,,,,1Tab11Numberoftourismcarryingcapacityliteratureingeography/environment/tourism/ecologyjournalsofChina198319891990199920002008(%)(%)(%)(%)00100423152324318436391561100100635129233115130321970010063512911151071718168001001518879158881791100100171001007310010091100100:()2Tab12Contentoftourismcarryingcapacityliteratureingeography/environment/tourism/ecologyjournalsinChina198319891990199920002008(%)(%)(%)(%)11001003171651621192202119800100529141253412530321970010000451484414000100952193283813637401651100100171001007310010091100100:(),1983,2,19901999,1:2523747106%,52193%2000,,56117%2090,,,,,5148%1121838,(P1E1Forest),[1,2]2060,,,,,,[35],()1964,(J1AlanWagar)(CarryingCapacityofWildlandsforRecreation),,19781979,[68],206080,,,2070,,[912]2080,,[13,14],,,LAC()ROS()VIM()VERP()TOMM(),,[1525],,,,,,,,,,1983,[26],()[27],,[28]23828,,[29],5:,52090,,,,,[30];[31];[32,33],;[34];[35,36];[37];[38];[39];,[4047];,[4850],(TourismEnvironmentalBearingCapacity,TEBC),,4,,,TEBC,[33],,,,,(TourismBearingCapacityIndex,TBCI),:TBCI=[(|VD|2,|E|2,|L|2)]1/2,VDEL,TBCI3,,VDEL011011018TBCI1,018011011TBCI2,TBCI1TBCI2,,,TBCI1,,TBCI2,,,,,,,,;1:25239,,,[37],,,,,,,,2211(2003)[51](1999)[52],,,,,,,,,,,,;[51]:Ci=XiYi,C=Ci=XiYi;:C-;Ci-;Xi-();Yi-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,24028,,,,,5,,,110;,5,,15,,,,,,,2300,,,8,,,10,2008103,1418,,500,212,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(1),,,,,,,800,,799,??801,??,,,(2),,,,,,,,,(3),,20051:252412005,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,213,:(1),,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,(2),,,,,,(3),,,,,,:,,3,,:(1),,,24228,3:;;,(2),,,,,()(3),,,:,,;,,,,,,,,,(4),,,,,,,,,(5),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,42080,,:;;,1:25243,,:;();;;,,,LAC()ROS()VIM()VERP()TOMM(),,,,,:[1]BrushStephen1Theconceptofcarryingcapacityforsystemofshiftingcultivation1AmericanAnthropologist,1975,4:7998111[2]Lime,StankeyG1H1Carryingcapacity:MaintainingoutdoorrecreationqualityinLandandleisure1LeisureRe2search,1979,2:1051181[3]ShelbyB1Carryingcapacityinrecreationsettings1Corvallis,OR:OregonStateUniversityPress,198612012541[4]CanestrelliE,CostaP1Tourismcarryingcapacity:Afuzzyapproach1AnnalsofTourismResearch,1991,2:2953111[5]CareyDI1Developmentbasedoncarryingcapacity1GlobalEnvironmentalChange,1993,2:1401481[6]KurtR,Wetzel,JohnF1Sizingtheearth:Recognitionofeconomiccarryingcapacity1EcologicalEconomics,1995,12:13211[7]LindbergK,McCoolS,StankeyG1Rethinkingcarryingcapacity1AnnalsofTourismResearch,1997,2:4614651[8]Fernando,Garrigos,YeamduanNarangajavana,DanielPalaciosMarques1CarryingCapacityintheTourismIn2dustry:AcasestudyofHengistburyhead1Tourismmanagement,2004,2:2732831[9]BeardJB,RaghebM1G1Measuringleisuresatisfaction1JournalofLeisureResearch,1980,2:20331[10]DeBuyckMC,SoaresAG,McLachlanA1Socialcarryingcapacityasamanagementtoolforsandybeaches1Jour2nalofCoastalResearch,1997,3:8228301[11]GetzD1Capacitytoabsorbtourism:Conceptsandimplicationsforstrategicplanning1AnnalsofTourismRe2search,1983,1:2392631[12]ManningR1E1StudiesinOutdoorRecreation:Searchandresearchforsatisfaction1Corvallis,OR:OregonStateUniversityPress,198611061231[13]PizamA,NeumannY,ReichelA1Dimensionsoftouristsatisfactionwithadestinationarea1AnnalsofTourismResearch,1978,5:3143221[14]LawsonSR,ManningRE,ValliereWA,etal1ProactivemonitoringandadaptivemanagementofsocialcarryingcapacityinArcheNationalPark:Anapplicationofcomputersimulationmodeling1JournalofEnvironmentalMan2agement,2003,68:3053131[15]AhnBY,LeeBK,ShaferCS1Operationalizingsustainabilityinregionaltourismplanning:anapplicationofthelimitsofacceptablechangeframework1TourismManagement,2002,1:1151[16]GraefeA,KussF,VaskeJ1Visitorimpactmanagement:ThePlanningFramework1WashingtonDC1:NationalParksandConservationAssociation,19901891211[17]BoydS,ButlerR1ManagingEcotourism:Anopportunityspectrumapproach1TourismManagement,1996,2:557244285661[18]FarrellTA,MarionJL1Theprotectedareasvisitorimpactmanagement(PAVIM)framework:Asimplifiedprocessformakingmanagementdecisions1JournalofSustainableTourism,2002,1:31511DerrinDavis,ClemTisdell1Recreationalscuba2divingandcarryingcapacityinmarineprotectedareas1Ocean&CoastalManagement,1995,2:19401[19]AlexisSaveriades1EstablishingthesocialtourismcarryingcapacityforthetouristreportsoftheCoastoftheRe2publicofCyprus1TourismManagement,2000,1:1471561[20]BenjaminWang1ProactivemonitoringandadaptivemanagementofSocialcarryingcapacityinArchesNationalPark:AnapplicationofcomputersimulationModeling1EnvironmentManagement,2003,4:3053131[21]BudrukM,ValliereW,ManningR,etal1Crossingprogrammaticboundaries:Integrativeapproachestomanagingthequalityofthevisitorexperience1TheGeorgeWrightForum,2001,3:1241311[22]ColeDN,TrullSJ1QuantifyingvegetationresponsetorecreationaldisturbanceinthenorthCascades1Northwest2Science,1992,4:2292361[23]WallG1Cyclesandcapacity:Acontradicti