大学英语第四册模拟题及答案

1.Urbancrowdednesswouldbegreatlyrelievedifonlythe_____chargedonpublictransportweremorereasonable.（1分）A.feesB.paymentsC.faresD.costs★标准答案：B2.______muchisknownaboutwhatoccursduringsleep,theprecisefunctionofsleepanditsdifferentstagesremainslargelyintherealmofassumption.（1分）A.BecauseB.ForC.SinceD.While★标准答案：D3.Theuniversityhaslaunchedaresearchcentertodevelopnewwaysof_____bacteriawhichhavebecomeresistanttodrugtreatments.（1分）A.regulatingB.haltingC.interruptingD.combating★标准答案：D4.Themusic________suddenlywhensheturnedofftheradio.（1分）A.hadceasedB.wasceasingC.ceasesD.ceased★标准答案：D5.Herboss__________hertofinishthereportbyFriday.（1分）A.madeB.forcedC.stressedD.pressured★标准答案：D6.Investigatorsagreedthatpassengersontheairliner______attheverymomentofthecrash.A.shouldhavediedB.mustbedyingC.musthavediedD.oughttodie★标准答案：C7.Inthecourseofadaystudentsdofarmorethanjust____classes.（1分）A.attendB.attendedC.toattendD.attending★标准答案：A8.Weseeeachotheratregular_________---usuallyonceaweek.（1分）A.interpreterB.intervalsC.interviewsD.intension★标准答案：B9.Thefirstartificialintelligenceconferencein1956inspiredresearcherstoundertakeprojectsthat________humanbehaviorinareasofreasoning,languagecomprehension,andcommunications.A.emulatedB.evaluatedC.evacuatedD.effected★标准答案：A10.Theyare_____________toobtainthefundstheyneedtocarryouttheirambitiousplan.（1分）A.hard-earnedB.easy-earnedC.hard-pressedD.easy-pressed★标准答案：C二.阅读理解（共20题,共40分）1.Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitive(认知学派的)researchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetary(金钱的)rewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducements(刺激)indeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.（10分）(1)Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward________.（2分）A.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewardsB.theamountofmonetaryrewardsforstudent’creativityC.thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandtheirconsequencesD.theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents’performance★标准答案：D(2)Whatistheresponseofmanyeducatorstoexternalrewardsfortheirstudents?（2分）A.Theyhavenodoubtsaboutthem.B.Theyhavedoubtsaboutthem.C.Theyapproveofthem.D.Theyavoidtalkingaboutthem.★标准答案：B(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents’creativityaccordingtoRobertEisenberger?（2分）A.Assigningthemtaskstheyhavenotdealtwithbefore.B.Assigningthemtaskswhichrequireinventiveness.C.Givingthemrewardstheyreallydeserve.D.Givingthemrewardstheyanticipate.★标准答案：C(4)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve________.（2分）A.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudentsB.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewardingC.failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandardsD.discouragingthestudents’anticipationforeasyrewardsisamatterofurgency★标准答案：A(5)Thephrase“tokeneconomies”(Line1,Para.5)probablyrefersto________.（2分）A.waystodevelopeconomyB.systemsofrewardingstudentsC.approachestosolvingproblemsD.methodsofimprovingperformance★标准答案：B2.Imagineaworld400yearsagowherechildrenwereusedaschimneysweeps.Thepaywaslow,itwasadirtytradeandtherewaslittlerewardforthemenwhodidthejobandevenlessforchildren.Medway’sannualSweepsFestivalrecreatesthejoyandlaughterenjoyedbythechimneysweepsattheirtraditionalholiday:theonetimeoftheyearthesweepscouldleavethesoot（烟灰）behindandhavesomefun.Thesweeps’holidaywastraditionallyheldon1Mayeachyear.Locally,theyusedtomarktheoccasionbystagingaprocessionthroughthestreetsofRochester.TheirfuncontinuedwiththeJack-in-the-Greenceremony,aseven-footcharacterthattheyusedtowakenatdawnonBlueBellHill,Chatham.TheJack-in-the-Greenwouldwalkwiththechimneysweepsintheirparade.WhentheClimbingBoys’Act1868madeitillegaltoemployyoungboystocarryoutthetrade,thetraditionalprocessiongraduallybegantofade.ThefinalMaycelebrationwasheldintheearly1900s.ThemoderndayRochesterSweepsFestivalisacolorfulmixofmusic,dancingandentertainmentwithmorethan60Morris