基于52单片机的超声测距系统的设计

编号淮安信息职业技术学院毕业论文题目基于单片机的超声测距系统的设计学生姓名韩露学号15011315院系电子工程学院专业应用电子系班级150113指导教师丁向荣顾问教师俞学刚二〇一四年六月摘要I摘要随着科学技术的快速发展，超声波将在测距仪中的应用成为研究热点，但就目前的水平来说，人们可以具体利用的测距技术还十分有限。因此，这是一个正在蓬勃发展而又有无限前景的技术及产业领域。本设计介绍了基于单片机控制的超声测距仪的原理：由AT89S52控制定时器产生超声波脉冲并计时，计算超声波自发射至接收的往返时间，从而得到实测距离。并且在数据处理中采用了温度补偿的调整，用四位LCD数码管切换显示距离和温度。通过硬件和软件实现了个各个功能模块，此系统模块具有易控制、工作可靠、测距准确度高、可读性强和流程清晰等优点。实现后可应用于需要测量的测距参数的各种应用场合。关键词：AT89S52；超声波；测距；淮安信息职业技术学院毕业设计论文IIAbstractIIIAbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theapplicationofultrasonicwaveintherangefinderhasbecomeahottopic,butthecurrentleveloftechnology,peoplecanusethespecificlocationisverylimited.Therefore,itisaboomingandtechnologyandindustryhaveunlimitedprospects.ThedesignintroducestheprincipleoftheultrasonicdistancemeasurementinstrumentbasedonSCMC-controlled:AT89S52controlstimerstoproducetheultrasonicwavepulseandtime,countthetimeofultrasonicwavespontaneousemissiontoreceiveround-trip,thusobtainsthemeasureddistance.Andthetemperaturecompensationadjustmentisusedinthedataprocessing,withfourLCDnixietubesdisplaydistanceortemperaturebyswitching.Ithasgiventhesystemconstitution,thecircuitryandtheprogramming.Theinstrumentsystemhasfeatures:easeofcontrol,stabilityofoperation,highnessofprecisionanddistinctnessofprogrammeprocess,etc.Aftertherealizationoftheworkscanbeusedforneedsofthevariousparametersmeasureddistanceapplications.Keywords:AT89S52;Ultrasonicwave;Measuredistance;淮安信息职业技术学院毕业设计论文IV目录V目录摘要..............................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..................................................................................................................III目录............................................................................................................................V第一章绪论...................................................................................................................11.1单片机应用系统概述..........................................................................................11.2超声波测距系统概述..........................................................................................21.3本设计任务的主要内容.......................................................................................21.3.1超声波测距仪设计........................................................................................21.3.2硬件电路的设计............................................................................................21.3.3样机实验测试................................................................................................31.3.4误差分析........................................................................................................3第二章超声波测距的原理.........................................................................................52.1超声波的基本理论..............................................................................................52.1.1超声波的传播速度.........................................................................................52.1.2超声波的物理性质.........................................................................................52.1.3超声波对声场产生的作用.............................................................................62.1.4超声波传感器................................................................................................62.2超声波测距系统原理..........................................................................................7第三章系统主要硬件设计.........................................................................................83.1方案论证与比较..................................................................................................83.1.1超声波发射电路............................................................................................83.1.2超声波接收电路............................................................................................93.2单片机主机系统电路.........................................................................................113.2.1单片机电路...................................................................................................123.2.2复位电路......................................................................................................123.2.3时钟电路......................................................................................................133.2.4按键电路......................................................................................................133.2.5蜂鸣器电路..................................................................................................133.3超声波发送电路.................................................................................................143.4超声波接收电路.................................................................................................143.5温度采集DS18B20电路...................................................................................153.6LCD显示电路....................................................................................................163.7电源电路....................................................................................................