基于plc的四层电梯完美论文

I摘要随着科学技术的发展、近年来，我国的电梯生产技术得到了迅速发展．一些电梯厂也在不断改进设计、修改工艺。更新换代生产更新型的电梯，电梯主要分为机械系统与控制系统两大部份，随着自动控制理论与微电子技术的发展，电梯的拖动方式与控制手段均发生了很大的变化，交流调速是当前电梯拖动的主要发展方向。目前电梯控制系统主要有三种控制方式：继电路控制系统(“早期安装的电梯多位继电器控制系统)、PLC控制系统、微机控制系统。继电器控制系统由于故障率高、可靠性差、控制方式不灵活以及消耗功率大等缺点，目前已逐渐被淘汰。微机控制系统虽在智能控制方面有较强的功能，但也存在抗干扰性差，系统设计复杂，一般维修人员难以掌握其维修技术等缺陷。而PLC控制系统由于运行可靠性高，使用维修方便，抗干扰性强,设计和调试周期较短等优点，倍受人们重视等优点，已成为目前在电梯控制系统中使用最多的控制方式，目前也广泛用于传统继电器控制系统的技术改造。本系统软件的编制主要是根据其实现的功能进行了梯形图的设计，包括开关门、内外指令的处理、选层定向、顺向截梯等。该系统具有先进、可靠、经济的特色。该电梯控制系统具有自动运行、指层、厅召唤、选层、选向等功能，具有集选控制的特点。关键词：电梯PLC可编程控制器IIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,inrecentyears,China'selevatorproductiontechnologyhavedevelopedrapidly.Someelevatordesignsuccessfullyalsohasagreatimprovementindesignandprocesschanges.Updateproductionmorenewelevators,elevatormainlydividesintomechanicalsystemandcontrolsystemwithtwomost,automaticcontroltheoryandmicroelectronicstechnologydevelopment,theelevatordragwithcontrolmethodallwayhaschangedverygreatly,acadjustablespeedisthemaindevelopmentdirectionofelevatordrag.Atpresenttheelevatorcontrolsystemismainlyhavethreekindsofcontrolways:followingthecircuitcontrolsystem(earlyinstallationofelevatormorerelaycontrolsystem),PLCcontrolsystem,themicrocomputercontrolsystem.Relaycontrolsystemduetohighfailurerate,themethodofcontrol,poorreliabilityandnotflexibleanddisadvantagessuchasbigpowerconsumption,hasgraduallybeeneliminated.Thoughthemicrocomputercontrolsysteminintelligentcontrolhasthestrongfunction,butalsoexistsperturbationresistanceispoor,systemdesigncomplex,generalmaintenancepersonnelhardtograspitsmaintenancetechnologyetc.AndPLCcontrolsystemdefectsduetorunhighreliability,convenientoperationandmaintenance,stronganti-interference,designandcommissioningperiodshorter,morepeopletopayattentiontosuchadvantagesasetc,andhasbecomeacurrentintheelevatorcontrolsystemusedinmostcontrolmode,nowalsowidelyusedintraditionalrelaycontrolsystemtechnicalreformation.Thissystemsoftwareprogrammingismainlybasedonthefunctionoftherealizationofthedesignoftheladderdiagramcloses,includingopening,andtheprocessing,chooselayerinstructionsdirectional,appliedcutladder,etc.Thesystemhasadvanced,reliable,economiccharacteristics.Thiselevatorcontrolsystemhastheautomaticoperation,referstothelayer,hallcalls,chooselayer,chooseto,andotherfunctions,hasthecharacteristicsofintegratingselectedcontrol.Keywords:elevatorPLCprogrammablecontrollerIII目录摘要..................................................................................................................................................IAbstract............................................................................................................................................II目录................................................................................................................................................III第一章引言...................................................................................................................................11.1课题来源...........................................................................................................................11.2课题的意义.......................................................................................................................11.3电梯的概述........................................................................................................................21.3.1电梯的基本结构简介...........................................................................................21.3.2电梯集选控制的特性...........................................................................................3第二章控制方案的选择...............................................................................................................42.1PLC的概述........................................................................................................................42.1.1PLC各组成部件及作用........................................................................................42.1.2PLC的特点及功能................................................................................................62.1.3PLC控制系统与继电器控制系统的比较............................................................72.1.4PLC控制系统与计算机系统的比较....................................................................82.2控制方案的选择...............................................................................................................9第三章电梯硬件电路设计...........................................................................................................103.1PLC选择..........................................................................................................................103.1.1PLC控制系统设计的基本原则..........................................................................103.1.2可编程控制器选择原则......................................................................................103.2步进电机的概述.............................................................................................................133.2.1步进电机的概念.................................................................................................1