基于遗传算法的PID参数优化设计

辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计(论文)第I页基于遗传算法的PID参数优化设计摘要PID调节器是最早发展起来的控制策略之一，遗传算法是一种借鉴生物界自然选择和自然遗传学机理上的迭代自适应概率性搜索算法。本文提出了一种基于遗传算法的PID控制器参数优化设计。遗传算法模仿生物进化的步骤，在优化过程中引入了选择，交叉，变异等算子，选择是从父代种群中将适应度较高的个体选择出来，以优化种群；交叉是从种群中随机地抽取一对个体，并随机地选择多位进行交叉，生成新样本，达到增大搜索空间的目的；变异是为了防止选择和交叉丢失重要的遗传信息，它对个体按位进行操作，以提高GA的搜索效率和全局搜索能力。通过适应度函数来确定寻优方向，与其他一些常规整定方法相比，遗传算法比较简便，整定精度较高。本文用遗传算法对柴油机调速系统的PID参数进行了优化，对该系统进行了仿真，实验结果表明该种算法的有效性，也表明遗传算法是一种简单高效的寻优算法，与传统的寻优方法相比明显地改善了控制系统的动态性能。关键词：遗传算法；PID控制器；参数优化辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计(论文)第II页BasedongeneticalgorithmoptimizationofPIDparametersAbstractPIDregulatorisoneofthefirstdevelopedoneofthecontrolstrategy,geneticalgorithmisakindofnaturalselectionfrombiologicalgeneticsandnaturalmechanismoftheiterativeadaptiveprobabilisticsearchalgorithm.Inthispaper,ageneticalgorithmbasedontheOptimalDesignofPIDcontrollerparameters.Geneticalgorithmstoimitatethestepsofbiologicalevolution,intheoptimizationprocessoftheintroductionofselection,crossoverandmutationoperators,etc.,choosefromtheparentpopulationwilladapttoahigherdegreeofindividualchoiceinordertooptimizethepopulation;crossrandomlyfromthepopulationtocollectapairofindividuals,andanumberofrandomlyselectedcross,generatenewsamples,toachievethepurposeofincreasingsearchspace;variationistopreventthelossofchoiceandcross-importantgeneticinformation,carriedoutbyitsindividualoperations,inordertoenhanceGA'ssearchefficiencyandglobalsearchability.Throughthefitnessfunctiontodeterminetheoptimaldirection,andsettinganumberofotherconventionalmethods,geneticalgorithmissimple,accuratetuning.Inthispaper,geneticalgorithmofthePIDspeedcontrolsystemofdieselengineparametersareoptimized,thesystemsimulation,experimentalresultsshowthatthealgorithmalsoshowsthatthegeneticalgorithmisasimpleandefficientoptimizationalgorithm,withthetraditionaloptimizationmethodssignificantlyimprovedthecontrolsystemdynamicperformance.Keywords:geneticalgorithm；PIDcontroller；parameteroptimization辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计(论文)第III页目录摘要............................................................................................................................................IAbstract...................................................................................................................................II1综述......................................................................................................................................11.1选题背景.......................................................................................................................11.2PID参数优化方法综述...............................................................................................21.3本论文主要工作..........................................................................................................92遗传算法...........................................................................................................................102.1遗传算法的简介........................................................................................................102.1.1遗传算法的历史和发展...................................................................................102.1.2遗传算法的应用领域.......................................................................................112.1.3遗传学的概念...................................................................................................122.2遗传算法的基本原理.................................................................................................132.3遗传算法的基本步骤.................................................................................................132.4遗传算法的应用关键.................................................................................................153遗传算法的MATLAB实现.......................................................................................163.1遗传算法工具箱总体介绍.........................................................................................163.2遗传算法工具箱函数应用.........................................................................................163.3小结............................................................................................................................224柴油机调速系统模型.................................................................................................234.1测速环节....................................................................................................................234.2柴油机........................................................................................................................235柴油机调速系统的PID参数优化设计及仿真....................................................245.1基于遗传算法优化柴油机调速系统PID参数.......................................................245．2柴油机调速系统仿真实验.....................................................................................26辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计(论文)第IV页结论.........................................................................................................................................28致谢.........................................................................................................................................29参考文献..................................................