名词性从句与状语从句

名词性从句1.定义：从句在句子中充当名词。2.分类：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。（从句在句中充当成份）3.连接词：1）连词：that(无意义，不充当成份)，if/wether(无意义，是否的意思)2）连接代词：what(充当主，宾，表，什么)，who(主宾表，指人)，whom,(宾，指人)which（主宾表，定，哪一个），whose（定语，哪一个）3）连接副词：when(时间状语，什么时候)，where（地点状语，什么地方），why(原因状语，为什么)，how(方式状语，怎么样，如何)4）复合连词：whatever（不管什么），whoever(不管是谁)，whichever（不管哪个），whomever（不管是谁），whenever（不管什么时候），wherever（不管什么地方），however（不管怎样）一，主语从句1.定义：从句在句中充当主语，常位于句首或者动词be动词之前Eg:他获得一得奖一事使他很兴奋。That(不充当成份，无意思)hegotthefirstpriceexcitedhim.她能来我们很高兴。Thatshewasabletocomemadeushappy.我们是否能准时到达那儿还不确定.Whetherwecangetthereontimeisdoubtful.我们所需要的是时间。Whatweneedistime.对她来说，最重要的是她的家庭。Whatisimportanttoherisherfamily.谁去都是一样的。、Whowillgomakesnodifference.哪一组赢得比赛还不知道。Whichteamwillwinthegameisstillunknown.她去哪了还是个迷Whereshehasgoneisamystery.这个怎么发生的还不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotclear.他们什么时候开始还不知道。Whentheywillstartisstillunkownyet.Whateveryousaidwouldmadeherangry.Whoevercomesfirstshouldgetapresent.2.形式主语：1).that引导的从句做主语时候，为了避免头重教轻，常用It做形式上的主语而将That从句放句末。Eg:That(不充当成份，无意思)hegotthefirstpriceexcitedhim.=Itexcitedhimthathegotthefirstprice.2).常见的形式主语结构1.It+系动词+形容词+That从句：Itisclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.2.It+系动词+名词+That从句：（apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,awonder奇迹,nowonder难怪，goodnews）Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendtheirwedding.Itisnowonderthatyouhaveachievedsomuchsuccess.3.It+系动词+动词过去分词+that(expected,reported,thought,decided,announced)Itissaidthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.Itisannouncedthattheplanhasbeensuccessfullycarriedout.4.It+特殊动词+that从句（常用动词seem，appear显得，happen，matter，turnout,occuretosb某人突然想起）Itseemstomethatheobjectstotheplan.IthappenedthatImetanoldfriendonthestreetyesterday.表语从句1.定义：充当表语，位与系动词（常常是Be）动词之后。Eg:Thefactisthatweshoulddependonourselves.Thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheproject.2.其它引导词：Asif,as,asthough此类表语从句常跟在特殊词后面，如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel.Itsoundsasifsomeoneknockingthedoor.Youlookjustasyoulooked10yearsago.3.reason主语时候表语从句，用that引导，不用Why.但是引导的定语从句用whyThereasonisthatthedrivewasdrunk.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpasstheexamwasthathewastoocareless.4.当主语表示“plan,advice,suggestion,order,request”等计划，命令，建议，请求时候，表语从句用should+doMysuggestionisthatweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlayingitaside.Thedoctor’sadviceisthatyoushouldlieinbedforafewdays.同位语从句1.定义：从句在句中充当同位语，用来解释说明某一名词内容的从句，总是跟在一个名词后面，该名词是先行词。同位语是对句中某一成份作进一步解释，说明，与前面的词在语法上处于同等地位的成份。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.YouhavenoidearhowworriedIwas.Theproblemwhytheearthisbicomingwarmerandwarmerisstillunderdiscussion.Wordcamethathehasbeenabroad.2.不是所有的名词的都跟同位语，只有有一定内涵内容的名词才可以跟同位语。Advice，belief，doubt，explanation，fact，fear，feeling，hope,fact,idear,feeling，word等宾语从句1.定义：从句充当宾语，位于动词或介词之后。Hesaidthathecouldn’tfinishhisworkbeforedusk.Doyouknowwhoisinchargeofthecompany?Idon’tknowwhenwewillmeetagain.Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.(介词之后的宾语从句一般用whether，而不用if)2.形式宾语:1)feel,find,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，将That从句置后。IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheparty.Weallfinditimportantthatweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.2)有些动词后一般不直接跟宾语从句，而补充个It,这些动词有hate,like,dislike,love,take,seeto,dependon,,relyon,enjoy,appreciate,answarfor,feellike,befondof,counton等。Itakeitthatyoudon’tagreewithme.Iwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.3.宾语从句的否定转移：主句动词是think，believe，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy,guess等。主语是第一人称，一般现在时，从句的否定转移到主句上来。Idon’tthinkthey’llstickouttothelastminute.Idon’tsupposethat’shisfault.总结名词性从句连接词的选择1.先判断从句类型，动词，be动词前面主语从句，动词介词后面宾语从句，Be后表语从句。名词后表语从句。2.判断从句缺什么成分：从句有及物动词，缺宾语；从句空格直接跟动词缺主语。步：口诀逐一解决：3.(I)名词性从句。——口诀——先成分后含义(II)定语从句。——口诀——先成分后先行词(III)状语从句。——口诀：翻译即可4.第一部分：基础题1._______makeshisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever2.—It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m—ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_______wegotlostonarainynight.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas_______wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.What4.—Couldyoudomeafavor?—Itdependson_______itis.A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever5.Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder_______.A.howmuchcosttheyareB.howmuchdotheycostC.howmuchtheycostD.howmucharetheycost6.Doris'successliesinthefact_______sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why7.Marywroteanarticleon_______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that8.Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.which9.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse_______,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn10.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_______itisroughorsmooth.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mA./B.whetherC.howD.what11.Dannyleftwordwithmysecretary_______hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.Which12..Mumiscoming.Whatpresent_______foryourbirthday?A.youexpectshehasgotB.youexpecthasshegotC.doyouexpectshehasgotD.doyouexpecthasshegot13.Thewayhediditwasdifferent________wewereusedto.A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich14.Greatchangeshaveta