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EffectsofExposuretoGSMMobilePhoneBaseStationSignalsonSalivaryCortisol,Alpha-Amylase,andImmunoglobulinABiomedicalandEnvironmentalSciencesObjectiveThepresentstudyaimedtotestwhetherexposuretoradiofrequencyelectromagneticfields(RF-EMF)emittedbymobilephonebasestationsmayhaveeffectsonsalivaryalpha-amylase,immunoglobulinA(IgA),andcortisollevels.MethodsFiftysevenparticipantswererandomlyallocatedtooneofthreedifferentexperimentalscenarios(22participantstoscenario1,26toscenario2,and9toscenario3).Eachparticipantwentthroughfive50-minuteexposuresessions.ThemainRF-EMFsourcewasaGSM-900-MHzantennalocatedattheouterwallofthebuilding.Inscenarios1and2,thefirst,third,andfifthsessionswere“low”(medianpowerfluxdensity5.2μW/m2)exposure.Thesecondsessionwas“high”(2126.8μW/m2),andthefourthsessionwas“medium”(153.6μW/m2)inscenario1,andviceversainscenario2.Scenario3hadfour“low”exposureconditions,followedbya“high”exposurecondition.Biomedicalparameterswerecollectedbysalivasamplesthreetimesasession.Exposurelevelswerecreatedbyshieldingcurtains.ResultsInscenario3fromsession4tosession5(from“low”to“high”exposure),anincreaseofcortisolwasdetected,whileinscenarios1and2,ahigherconcentrationofalpha-amylaserelatedtothebaselinewasidentifiedascomparedtothatinscenario3.IgAconcentrationwasnotsignificantlyrelatedtotheexposure.ConclusionsRF-EMFinconsiderablylowerfielddensitiesthanICNIRP-guidelinesmayinfluencecertainpsychobiologicalstressmarkers.BoundaryelementmodelingofradiobasestationantennasEngineeringAnalysiswithBoundaryElementsThepaperpresentsanaccurateandefficientboundaryelementprocedurefortheanalysisofradiationfrombasestationantennas.Thebasestationantennasystemisrepresentedbytheverticalantennaarrayinfrontofperfectlyconducting(PEC)groundplanereflector.TheformulationoftheproblemisbasedonasetofcoupledPocklingtonintegro-differentialequationsforverticalantennaarray.ThissetofcoupledequationshasbeennumericallytreatedbytheindirectGalerkin–Bubnovboundaryelementmethod(GB-IBEM).ThenumericalresultsforthecurrentsinducedalongthewiresobtainedviaGB-IBEMarecomparedtotheresultscomputedvianumericalelectromagneticcode(NEC).Knowingthecurrentdistributionalongtheantennaarraythecorrespondingradiatedfieldiscalculated.Someillustrativenumericalresultsarepresentedinthepaper.ArticleOutline1.Introduction2.Formulation2.1.DerivationofcoupledPocklingtonequations2.2.Radiatedfieldsformulae3.Numericalprocedures3.1.Currentdistributioncalculation3.2.Thefieldcalculation4.Numericalresults5.ConclusionNeurobehavioraleffectsamonginhabitantsaroundmobilephonebasestationsNeuroToxicologyBackgroundThereisageneralconcernonthepossiblehazardoushealtheffectsofexposuretoradiofrequencyelectromagneticradiations(RFR)emittedfrommobilephonebasestationantennasonthehumannervoussystem.AimToidentifythepossibleneurobehavioraldeficitsamonginhabitantslivingnearbymobilephonebasestations.MethodsAcross-sectionalstudywasconductedon(85)inhabitantslivingnearbythefirstmobilephonestationantennainMenoufiyagovernorate,Egypt,37arelivinginabuildingunderthestationantennawhile48oppositethestation.Acontrolgroup(80)participantswerematchedwiththeexposedforage,sex,occupationandeducationallevel.Allparticipantscompletedastructuredquestionnairecontaining:personal,educationalandmedicalhistories;generalandneurologicalexaminations;neurobehavioraltestbattery(NBTB)[involvingtestsforvisuomotorspeed,problemsolving,attentionandmemory];inadditiontoEysenckpersonalityquestionnaire(EPQ).ResultsTheprevalenceofneuropsychiatriccomplaintsasheadache(23.5%),memorychanges(28.2%),dizziness(18.8%),tremors(9.4%),depressivesymptoms(21.7%),andsleepdisturbance(23.5%)weresignificantlyhigheramongexposedinhabitantsthancontrols:(10%),(5%),(5%),(0%),(8.8%)and(10%),respectively(P0.05).TheNBTBindicatedthattheexposedinhabitantsexhibitedasignificantlylowerperformancethancontrolsinoneofthetestsofattentionandshort-termauditorymemory[PacedAuditorySerialAdditionTest(PASAT)].Also,theinhabitantsoppositethestationexhibitedalowerperformanceintheproblemsolvingtest(blockdesign)thanthoseunderthestation.Allinhabitantsexhibitedabetterperformanceinthetwotestsofvisuomotorspeed(DigitsymbolandTrailmakingB)andonetestofattention(TrailmakingA)thancontrols.ThelastavailablemeasuresofRFRemittedfromthefirstmobilephonebasestationantennasinMenoufiyagovernoratewerelessthantheallowablestandardlevel.ConclusionsandrecommendationsInhabitantslivingnearbymobilephonebasestationsareatriskfordevelopingneuropsychiatricproblemsandsomechangesintheperformanceofneurobehavioralfunctionseitherbyfacilitationorinhibition.So,revisionofstandardguidelinesforpublicexposuretoRERfrommobilephonebasestationantennasandusingofNBTBforregularassessmentandearlydetectionofbiologicaleffectsamonginhabitantsaroundthestationsarerecommended.1.Introduction2.Subjectsandmethods2.1.Statisticalanalysis3.Results4.Discussion5.ConclusionandrecommendationsLowspatialcorrelationatbasestationuniformlinearantennasSystemsEngineeringandElectronicsAspatialchannelpropagationmodelispresented.Considerauniformlinearantenna(ULA)atthebasestation(BS)and