医学英语MUSCULARSYSTEM肌肉系统

MuscularSystemHuangTian,APSUMCOutlineFunctionsofthemuscularsystemThreedifferenttypesofmuscletissuesStructureoftheskeletalmusclefiberSlidingfilamentmodelofmusclecontractionMuscledisordersListanddescribefunctionsofmusclesIdentifythedifferencesamongthreetypesofmusclesDescribethestructureoftheskeletalmusclefiberDescribetheslidingfilamentmodleofmusclecontractionListanddescribemuscledisordersObjectivesBytheendofthissection,studentsshouldbeabletoIntroductionThemuscularsystemisthelargestsysteminthebody.½ourbodyweightcomesfrommuscles.Consistsofover600individualmuscles.Consists3differenttypesofmuscletissues.CardiacmuscleSmoothmuscleSkeletalmuscle―Producemovementandmaintainposture―Pumpblood―Respiration―Protectinternalorgans.―Producebodyheatandregulatebodytemperature.Functions2314576MuscleTypesThreeTypesofMusclesCardiacmuscleSmoothmuscleSkeletalmuscleCardiacMuscleStriatedandbranchedSinglenucleusthatiscentrallylocatedMembranesofadjacent邻近的cellsfusedat熔凝intercalateddiscs闰盘InvoluntaryOnlyfoundinheartCardiac[ˈkɑ:di:ˌæk]心脏的Myocardium[ˌmaiəuˈkɑ:diəm]心肌Striation[straiˈeiʃən]条纹Intercalateddisk[inˈtə:kəleitid][disk]闰盘CardiacMuscleSmoothMuscleNon-striatedSpindle-shapedcellsSinglenucleusthatiscentrallylocatedInvoluntaryFoundmainlyinthewallsofholloworgansSmoothMuscle括约肌十二指肠（小肠）幽门瓣膜StriatedMultinucleatecellsthatareperipherallylocatedVoluntaryAttachedtoboneofskeletonSkeletalMuscleSkeletalMuscleStriationStructureofSkeletalMuscleFascia肌纤维膜微线Fascia[ˈfæʃi:ə]筋膜Fascicle[ˈfæsikl]肌束Myofibril[ˌmaiəuˈfaibril]肌原纤维SkeletalMuscle3layersofconnectivetissueEpimysiumPerimysiumEndomysiumEpimysium[ˌepiˈmiziəm]肌外膜Perimysium[ˌperiˈmiziəm]肌束膜Endomysium[ˌendəuˈmiziəm]肌内膜SkeletalMuscleFiberCells–multinucleateNuclei–justbeneaththesarcolemmaSarcolemma–specializedplasmamembraneSarcoplasm–cytoplasmofmusclecellsSarcolemma[ˌsɑ:kəˈlemə]肌纤维膜Sarcoplasm[ˈsɑ:kəˌplæzəm]肌质DistinctbandsIband=lightbandAband=darkbandMyofibril肌动蛋白肌浆球蛋白ContractileunitofamusclefiberSarcomere肌节Zdisk–adarkerareainmiddleofIband–extendfromZdisktoZdisk肌小节Sarcomere[ˈsɑ:kəmiə]肌节Myofilament[ˌmaiəuˈfiləmənt]肌丝SarcomereIband–distancebetweentwothickfilaments–containsonlythinfilamentsAband–lengthofthickfilament–overlapwiththinfilamentsHzone–atcenterofAband–containsonlythickfilamentsMline-middleoftheHzoneActinfilamentsMyosinfilamentsMyofilamentsActin[ˈæktin]肌动蛋白Myosin[ˈmaiəusin]肌球蛋白LevelsofFunctionalOrganizationinaSkeletalMuscleFiberMyosinheadsattachtoactinmoleculesMyosin“pulls”onactin,causingthinmyofilamentstoslideacrossthickmyofilaments,towardsthecenterofthesarcomereSlidingFilamentModelofContractionDuringacontraction,theAbandstaysthesamewidth,buttheZlinesmoveclosertogetherandtheIbandandHzonearereducedinwidth.SlidingFilamentModelofContractionSarcomereShorteningCircletheletterofthechoicethatliststhemusclestructuresfromlargesttosmallestA.Myofibrils,filaments,musclefibersB.Musclefibers,Myofibrils,filamentsC.Musclefibers,filaments,MyofibrilsD.Myofibrils,musclefibers,filamentsIbandAbandAIIbandAbandAIMuscledisordersFatigueStrainCrampMyastheniagravisMusculardystrophyMuscleFatigueDothis:Sitagainstthewallwithyourkneesbentata900angle.Holdthispositionforaslongasittakestofeelmusclefatigue.•TirednessfollowingprolongedorintenseactivityStrainInjuriesduetoover-stretchedmusclesortendonsSymptoms–Swelling肿胀–Pain–Bruising挫伤CrampPainfulinvoluntarycontractionofaskeletalmuscleormusclegroupresultfromalackofsaltorotherminerals(likecalciumandpotassium),musclefatigue,ordehydration.脱水Strain[strein]拉伤Cramp[kræmp]痉挛MyastheniagravisAntibodiesattackAch乙酰胆碱receptorsProgressiveweaknessandparalysis麻痹Myastheniagravis[ˈmaiæsˈθi:niə][ˈgrævɪs]重症肌无力Acetylcholine[əˌsi:təlˈkəulin]乙酰胆碱MusculardystrophyDuetoadefectiveproteinProgressivemuscleweaknessandparalysis麻痹瘫痪Musculardystrophy[ˈmʌskjuləˈdistrəfi]肌肉萎缩症Dystrophin[dis'trɔfin]抗肌萎缩蛋白1.cardiacmuscle2.smoothmuscle3.skeletalmuscle4.involuntarymuscle5.voluntarymuscle6.musclefiber7.sarcolemma8.sarcoplasm9.sarcoplasmreticulum10.fascia11.fascicle12.tendonKeyWords13.musclefibril/myofibril14.Sarcomere15.thickfilament16.thinfilament17.myosin18.actin19.musclefatigue20.strain21.Cramp22.Rupturedtendon23.Myastheniagravis24.musculardystrophy