医学英语课文重要词汇和词组

1.SeasonalInfluenza病毒感染viralinfection疫苗vaccine体征sign症状symptom咳嗽cough关节痛jointpain咽喉痛sorethroat流鼻涕runnynose高危人群peopleathighrisk/high-riskgroup潜伏期incubationperiod并发症complication抗病毒药antiviraldrug住院治疗hospitalization新陈代谢metabolism2.Diabetes胰腺pancreas胰岛素insulin激素hormone血糖bloodsugar/glucose血脂bloodlipid高血糖hyperglycemia,raisedbloodsugar,highbloodsugar血管bloodvessel胰岛素依赖型insulin-dependent多尿polyuria烦渴polydipsia视网膜病retinopathy神经病变neuropathy视网膜retina麻木numbness截肢amputation肾衰kidneyfailure胆固醇cholesterol妊娠期的gestational出生前的prenatal3.EarInfection中耳middleear鼓膜eardrum急性中耳炎acuteotitismedia咽鼓管Eustachiantube黏液mucus听力迟钝dulledhearing穿孔v.perforate耳痛earache缓解v.relieve;ease抗生素antibiotic开处方v.prescribe副作用side-effect腹泻diarrhea乳突炎mastoiditis4.CardiovascularDisease心血管疾病cardiovasculardisease冠心病coronaryheartdisease心脏病发作heartattack脑血管疾病cerebrovasculardisease高血压raisedbloodpressure/highbloodpressure/hypertension外周动脉疾病peripheralarterydisease风湿性心脏病rheumaticheartdisease先天性心脏病congenitalheartdisease心力衰竭heartfailure中风stroke脂肪沉积fattydeposit内壁innerwall血管bloodvessel动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis血块bloodclot呼吸短促shortnessofbreath呼吸困难difficultyinbreathing头晕的light-headed/faint冷汗coldsweat恶心nausea呕吐vomit麻木numbness失去知觉unconsciousness绝经，更年期menopause5.ObesityandOverweight肥胖obesity超重overweight卡路里calorie高热量食物energy-densefood维生素vitamin矿物质mineral微量营养素micronutrient骨关节炎osteoarthritis营养不良undernutrition6.HIVandAIDS免疫缺陷immunodeficiency逆转录酶病毒retrovirus免疫系统immunesystem机会感染opportunisticinfection晚期theadvancedstage输血bloodtransfusion妊娠期pregnancy哺乳期breastfeeding传播transmission免疫细胞immunecell分娩delivery发病机理pathogenesis营养不良malnutrition7.Hepatitis发炎inflammation横膈膜diaphragm腹部abdomen肝动脉hepaticartery门静脉portalvein主动脉aorta肝细胞hepaticcell慢性肝炎chronichepatitis自体免疫的autoimmune乙肝携带者carriersofhepatitisB性传播疾病sexuallytransmitteddisease肿胀swell肝硬化cirrhosis脓pus黄疸jaundice血浆plasma疤痕scar糖原glycogen荨麻疹hives粪便feces碳水化合物carbohydrate换气过度hyperventilation8.Cancer恶性的malignant良性的benign肿瘤tumor,neoplasm转移metastasis死亡率mortality发病率morbidity癌前病变precancerouslesion遗传因素geneticfactor物理致癌物physicalcarcinogen化学致癌物chemicalcarcinogen生物致癌物biologicalcarcinogen电离辐射ionizingradiation寄生虫parasite细胞修复机制cellularrepairmechanism肿块lump疼痛的；痛处sore持续性消化不良persistentindigestion乳房X线照相术mammography细胞学cytology巴氏涂片papsmear宫颈癌cervicalcancer外科手术surgery放疗radiotherapy化疗chemotherapy超声ultrasound内镜检查endoscopyX线照相术radiography病理学pathology9.Hypertension高血压hypertension,highbloodpressure心搏heartbeat泵pump收缩压systolicpressure舒张压diastolicpressure高血压前期prehypertension原发性高血压essentialhypertension继发性高血压secondaryhypertension心律不齐irregularheartbeat胸痛chestpain电解质electrolyte心电图electrocardiogram超声心动图echocardiogram抑制剂inhibitor利尿剂diuretic阻滞剂blocker血管扩张剂vasodilator复发relapse10.BasicAnatomy---TissuesandOrgans上皮组织epithelialtissue结缔组织connectivetissue肌肉组织muscletissue神经组织nervetissue肌腱tendon韧带ligament软骨cartilage神经元neuron神经胶质细胞glialcell脊髓spinalcord表皮epidermis真皮dermis皮下层subcutaneouslayer脂肪组织adiposetissue骨骼系统skeletalsystem肌肉系统muscularsystem循环系统circulatorysystem神经系统nervoussystem呼吸系统respiratorysystem消化系统digestivesystem泌尿系统urinarysystem内分泌系统endocrinesystem生殖系统reproductivesystem淋巴/免疫系统lymphatic/immunesystem骨骼肌skeletalmuscle平滑肌smoothmuscle心肌cardiacmuscle营养物质nutrient激素hormone食管esophagus肠intestine淋巴lymph淋巴结lymphnode淋巴管lymphvessel白细胞whitebloodcell/leukocyte腺体gland11.TheDiseaseSARS严重急性呼吸道综合征severeacuterespiratorysyndrome高烧highfever寒战chill干咳dry/nonproductivecough低氧症hypoxia机械通气mechanicalventilation肺炎pneumonia非典型的atypical冠状病毒coronavirus呼吸飞沫respiratorydroplet飞沫传播dropletspread呼吸窘迫综合症respiratorydistresssyndrome打喷嚏v.sneeze空气传播airbornespread接触传染的contagious预防precaution抗病毒的antiviral样品specimen培养culture12.Fracture外伤性骨折traumaticfracture病理性骨折pathologicfracture开放性骨折openfracture闭合性骨折closedfracture稳定性骨折stablefracture不稳定性骨折unstablefracture断裂disruption骨膜periosteum青枝骨折greenstick粉碎性骨折comminutedfracture局部疼痛localizedpain畸形deformity触痛tenderness水肿edema肌肉痉挛musclespasm瘀斑ecchymosis复位reduction骨化ossification固定immobilization无血管性坏死avascularnecrosis静脉血栓形成venousthrombosis脂肪栓塞fatembolism休克shock病原体pathogen机能障碍dysfunction术前准备preoperativepreparation便秘constipation肾结石renalcalculi萎缩atrophy低血压hypotension门诊病人outpatient13.RespiratorySystem咽pharynx喉larynx气管trachea支气管bronchus横隔diaphragm分子molecule扩散作用diffusion氧化oxygenation代谢废物metabolicwaste酸碱平衡acid-basebalance上呼吸道upperrespiratorytract下呼吸道lowerrespiratorytract换气ventilation吸气inhalation呼气exhalation呼吸衰竭respiratoryfailure毛细血管capillary肺气肿emphysema支气管炎bronchitis哮喘asthma微生物microbe酸中毒acidosis碱中毒alkalosis14.Depression抑郁症depression心悸palpitation出生后的postnatal抗抑郁剂antidepressant