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1四、计算题图1所示的拉弯构件长6000mm,间接承受动力荷载,轴向拉力的设计值为800kN,横向均布荷载的设计值为7kN/m。设截面无削弱,钢材为Q345(f=310N/mm2),构件采用普通工字钢I22a,截面积A=42.1cm2,重量0.32kN/m,Wx=310cm3,ix=8.99cm,iy=2.32cm。验算截面是否满足设计要求。已知:允许长细比350,截面塑性发展系数05.1x,20.1y公式:218xMqlxnxnxNMAW0xxxli0yyyli解:(1)验算强度)(2.336)2.132.07(818122mkNqlMx(4分)3622238001033.210292.0()31042.1101.0531010xnxnxNMNmmfNmmAW(4分)(2)验算长细比060066.73508.99xxxli(4分)0600258.63502.32yyyli(4分)所选截面满足设计要求。四、计算题1.图1所示一上端铰接,下端固定的轴心受压柱,承受的压力设计值为N=900kN,柱的长度为5.25m,计算长度系数8.0。钢材为Q235(2mmN215f)。验算此柱的整体稳定,刚度和局部稳定。柱截面的尺寸如图所示,262cmA,cmix77.9,cmiy48.6。容许长细比150。677.0,887.0yx局部稳定验算公式:ywfth/235)5.025(0,yftb/235)1.010(图12.试验算图2中承受静力荷载的3.4.5.6.7.8.1.局部稳定验算公式:ywfth/235)5.025(0,yftb/235)1.010(2.图1解:计算长细比8.6448.6420,0.4377.9420yx验算柱的整体稳定,刚度和局部稳定由题目所给677.0,887.0yx取677.0min232154.214)10062677.0(10900)(mmNAN8.64y翼缘宽厚比48.168.641.0102.12101221tb腹板高厚比4.578.645.0253.336.02000wth整体稳定、刚度及局部稳定均满足要求。9拉弯构件。作用力设计值如图2所示,钢材为Q235(2mmN215f),构件截面无削弱。截面为轧制工字钢I45a,A=102cm2,Wx=1430cm3,截面塑性发展系数05.1x,20.1y。计算的弯矩最大值为129mkN解:计算的弯矩的的最大值为129kN•m验算强度得2362321556.20391.8565.11710143005.11012910102101200mmNWMANnxxxN满足要求四、计算题1.如图1所示支柱上下端均为铰接且设置支撑。支柱长度为9m,在两个三分点处均有侧向支撑,以阻止柱在弱轴方3向的过早失稳。构件的设计压力为N=250kN,容许长细比150。支柱截面为工字形I20a,2cm5.35A,cm15.8xi,cm12.2yi。钢材为Q235(2mmN215f)。验算此支柱的整体稳定和刚度。计算得559.0x,339.0y,解:先计算长细比][4.11015.8900x,][5.14112.2300y计算得559.0x,339.0y,取339.0min232157.207)1005.35339.0(10250)(mmNAN2.如图2所示一根简支梁长7.5m,采用I32a(2mmN215f,2mmN125vf),已知单位长度得质量为52.7kg/m,梁的自重为52.7×9.8=517N/m,11080xIcm4,692xWcm3,5.27/xxSIcm,5.9wtmm。梁上荷载集度q=18kN/m,荷载分项系数为1.2,试验算此梁的正应力及支座处剪应力。截面塑性发展系数05.1x,20.1y。解:梁自重产生的弯矩为:43625.72.15178121MN·m外荷载在跨中产生的最大弯矩为:5.1265625.7180008122MN·m总弯矩为:5.1309245.1265624362xMN·m验算弯曲正应力:2.1801069205.1105.13092433nxxxWMN/mm2<f=215N/mm2验算支座处最大剪应力:V=0.5×18000×7.5+517x1.2x3.75=69826.5N7.265.9105.275.69826wItVSN/mm2<vf=125N/mm2四、计算题(共计40分)1.验算图1所示直角角焊缝的强度。已知焊缝承受的斜向静力荷载设计值kN230F,45,偏心e为30mm,角焊缝的焊脚尺寸mm8fh,实际长度mm220l,钢材为Q235B,焊条为E43型(wff=160N/mm2)。(15分)q图14图1【解】:将F分解为垂直于焊缝和平行于焊缝的分力)(6.1622223045sinsinkNFFN(1分))(9.403.06.162mkNeNM(1分))(2.71)16220(87.02106.162223mmNlhNweNf)(1.63)16220(87.02109.46262262mmNlhMweMf)(3.1341.632.712mmNMfNff)(6.1622220045coscoskNFFV(2分))(2.71)16220(87.02104.14123mmNAVwf(2分)222222160)(1.1312.71)22.13.134()(mmNfmmNwffff(4分)2.图2(a)所示为一支架,其支柱的压力设计值kN1600N,柱两端铰接,钢材为Q235,容许长细比150。截面无孔眼削弱。支柱选用I56a(2mmN205f),cm18.3,cm0.22,cm1352yxiiA。验算此支柱的承载力。(120123456789200.9700.9670.9630.9600.9570.9530.9500.9460.9430.939900.6210.6140.6080.6010.5940.5880.5810.5750.5680.561图2【解】:因截面无孔眼削弱,可不验算强度。轧制工字形钢的翼缘和腹板均较厚,可不验算局部稳定,只需进行整体稳定和刚度验算。(2分)长细比1503.2722060000xxxil(2分)1503.948.3130000yyyil(2分)eFlθ5y远大于x,故由y计算得592.0,于是(2分)2223205)(2.20010135592.0101600mmNfmmNAN(4分)经验算支柱的整体稳定和刚度都满足要求。3.图3所示简支梁长6m,采用I36a(2mmN215f,2mmN125vf),已知单位长度得质量为59.9kg/m,梁的自重为59.9×9.8=587N/m,15760xIcm4,875xWcm3,7.30/xxSIcm,10wtmm。梁上作用恒荷载,荷载密度q=35000N/m,荷载分项系数1.2,截面塑性发展系数05.1x,20.1y。试验算此梁的正应力及支座处剪应力。图3【解】:梁自重产生的弯矩为:317062.15878121MN·m(2分)外荷载在跨中产生的最大弯矩为:18900062.1350008122MN·m(2分)总弯矩为:1921703170189000xMN·m(1分)验算弯曲正应力:2.2091087505.11019217033nxxxWMN/mm2<f=215N/mm2(3分)验算支座处最大剪应力:支座处剪力:V=0.5×35000×6+587×1.2×3=107113.2N(2分)剪应力:9.3410107.302.107113wItVSN/mm2<vf=125N/mm2(3分)四、计算题(共计40分)1.图1所示的双面角焊缝连接承受轴力N和偏心剪力V的共同作用,其中静力荷载N的设计值为100kN,剪力V为120kN,偏心e为20mm,角焊缝的焊脚尺寸hf为8mm,实际长度l为155mm,钢材强度为Q235B,焊条为E43型(wff=160N/mm2)。验算此角焊缝的强度。(15分)图1【解】:)(2.64)16155(87.0210100223mmNlhNweNf(2分))(4.202.0120mkNeVMq6)(5.66)16155(87.02104.26226mmNWMwMf(2分))(7.1305.662.642mmNMfNff(2分))(1.77)16155(87.021012023mmNAVwf(2分)222222160)(0.1321.77)22.17.130()(mmNfmmNwffff(5分)2.图2所示支架,支柱的压力设计值kN1600N,柱两端铰接,钢材为Q235(2mmN215f),容许长细比150。截面无孔眼削弱。支柱选用焊接工字形截面,已知面积cm6.63,cm13.12,cm902yxiiA。验算此支柱的整体稳定。(10分)0123456789400.8990.8950.8910.8870.8820.8780.8740.8700.8650.861图2【解】:整体稳定和长细比验算长细比1505.493.12160000xxxil(2分)1502.476.6330000yyyil(2分)取长细比较大值,故由x计算得859.0,于是(2分)2223215)(0.2071090859.0101600mmNfmmNAN(4分)截面无孔眼削弱,不必验算强度。3.图3所示简支梁长12m,钢材为Q235(2mmN215f,2mmN125vf)采用如图所示焊接工字形截面,已知单位长度得质量为149.2kg/m,梁的自重为149.2×9.8=1463N/m,截面积A=158.4cm2,268193xIcm4,5128nxWcm3,2987xScm3,8wtmm。梁上集中荷载如图所示(单位kN)。试验算此梁的正应力和支座处剪应7力。荷载分项系数为1.2,截面塑性发展系数05.1x,20.1y。(15分)【解】:梁自重产生的弯矩为:31600122.114638121MN·m(2分)外荷载在跨中产生的最大弯矩为:4.109139.181685.2722MkN·m(2分)总弯矩为:11236.314.1091xMkN·m(1分)验算弯曲正应力:97.20410521805.110112336nxxxWMN/mm2<f=215N/mm2(4分)验算支座处最大剪应力:支座处的最大剪力按梁的支座反力计算,V=181.9×2×103+1463×1.2×6=374300N(2分)剪应力为:1.5281026819310298737430043wxItVSN/mm2<vf=125N/mm2(4分)【计算】1.图1所示的连接承受集中静力荷载P=100kN的作用。被连接构件由Q235钢材制成,焊条为E43型。已知焊脚尺寸2/160,8mmNfmmhwff,施焊时不用引弧板。验算连接焊缝的强度能否满足要求。图12、截面尺寸和支承情况如下图所示的轴心受压柱,已知:轴心压力设计值N=950kN,钢材为Q2
本文标题:钢结构计算题
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