英国文学选读课后答案

英国文学选读Poems:Hamlet(Act3,Scene1,lines55-86)生存或毁灭,这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击,还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌,并将其克服。死即睡眠,它不过如此!倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患,那么,此结局是可盼的!死去,睡去...但在睡眠中可能有梦,啊,这就是个阻碍:当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊,在死之长眠中会有何梦来临?它令我们踌躇,使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾,否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨,如暴君之政、骄者之傲失恋之痛、法章之慢贪官之侮、或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之?还有谁会肯去做牛做马,终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难,而不远走高飞,飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身後之事而使他犹豫不前?此境乃无人知晓之邦,自古无返者进入我们无法知晓的地域所以,「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光,像个病夫再之,这些更能坏大事,乱大谋,使它们失去魄力。HamletP81.Whyissleepsofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”theheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks”?Nobodycanpredictwhathewilldreamofafterhefallsasleep.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygotoorunknownworldandyoucan’tcomeback.Ifhedies,Hamlet’scan'trealizehiswill.Though“sleep”canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,itisastateofmind.Hamletdidn’tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferinginthelong“dream”.Hecan’tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.2.Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadofchoosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?Deathissomysteriousthatnobodyknowswhatdeathwillbringtous.Maybebittersufferings,greatpains,heartbreakingstories…Becausepeopleholdthesameideatogruntandsweatunderawearylife,butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath-theundiscoveredcountry,formwhosebournnotravelerreturns-puzzlethewill,andmakeusratherbearthoseillswehavethanflytoothersthatweknownotof?”Peoplealsoarefrightenedbythemythsinanotherworldafterdeath.3.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.Conscienceandover-considerations.Hewantstorevenge,butdoesn’tknowhow.Hewantstokillhisuncle,butfindsittoorisky.Helivesindespairandwantstocommitsuicide.However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthisfather’sghost.Heisinfaceofgreatdilemma.Theydon’tknowtheresultaftertheirtakingtheaction.SuchasHamlet,hedoesn’tknowwhatwouldhappenifhekillshisuncleorkillshimself.SoHamletwashesitated.Sonnet18P15我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。但是你的长夏永远不会雕落，也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳，或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛，这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。1.Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thisquestioniscomparing“thee”tothesummertimeoftheyear.Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasanenjoyabletimeduringtheyear.Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealsodedicatedtosimilarcomparisonsbetweenthebelovedandsummerdays.2.Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummerandimmortal?Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?”Thenhegivesananswer:“Thouartlovelierandmoretemperate.”Ontheonehand,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;”ontheotherhand,“Sometimetoohottheheavenshines,andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.”Sofromtheabovetwoaspectsthepoetthinksthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummer.Inaddition,“Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,bychance,ornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed.”Comparedwithimmortal,“Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st,norshalldeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,whenineternallinestotimesthougrow’st.”Therefore,thepoetdrawsaconclusion:“Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.”Inthispoem,thepoetmakes“thou”morebeautifulthansummerandimmortalbecauseofhisbeautifullines.Sointhiscase,“thou”inthepoemcanberegardedasfemalebecauselovecanbeautyeternal.Or“thou”canbereferredtomale,forfriendshipcanmakebeautyeverlasting.Even“thou”canbeabstract“love”or“beauty”whichwillbecomeeternalinthewonderfulpoem.莎士比亚诗歌的两个主题：时光不饶人，青春和美丽是短暂的；只有诗歌才有力量使美丽与爱情永存。(theme:只有文学可与时间抗衡)Change,Fate,andEternityHowevermuchitmightlookhe’spraisingabeloved,thispoetisdefinitelymoreconcernedwithtootinghisownhorn.Really,youcouldsumupthepoemlikethis:DearBeloved:You’rebetterthanasummer’sday.ButonlybecauseIcanmakeyoueternalbywritingaboutyou.Love,Shakespeare.Thatmessageiswhyimagesandsymbolsoftime,decay,andeternityarealloverthispoem.Whetherornotwethinkthebelovedisactuallymadeimmortal(orjustmoreimmortalthanthesummer’sday)isupintheair,butit’scertainlywhatthespeakerwantsyoutothink.Line4:Thisiswherethespeakerstartspointingtohowshortsummerfeels.Usingpersonificationandmetaphor,thespeakersuggeststhatsummerhastakenoutaleaseontheweather,whichmustbereturnedattheendofthesummer.Summeristreatedlikeahome-renter,whiletheweatheristreatedlikeareal-estateproperty.Lines7-8:Theselinesgiveustheproblem(everything’sgoingtofadeaway)thatthepoetisgoingtoworkagainst.Lines9-12:Theselinesarefullofallsortsoffigurativelanguage,allpointingtohowthespeakerisgoingtosavethebelovedfromthefateoffadingaway.Thebeloved’slifeisdescribedinametaphorasasummer,andthenhisorherbeautyisdescribedinanothermetaphorasacommoditythancanbeownedorowed.Deathisthenpersonified,astheoverseeroftheshade(ametaphoritselfforanafterlife).Finallythelinestotimeareametaphorforpoetry,whichwillultimatelysavethebeloved,ande