四级模拟试卷三

大学英语四级模拟试卷三PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthechoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8to10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.UsingthemindtofightdiseasesPsychologyhasanewapplicationinthefieldofmedicine.Manydoctors,togetherwiththeirpatients,arelookingforalternativemethodsoftreatmentofphysicalproblems.Inlargehospitalsandresearchcenters,modernmethodsoftherapyseemtofocusonthephysicaldiseasewithoutconsideringthepatients'mentalstate.Patientsmayfeelthattheyarebeingtreatedimpersonally,likebrokenmachines.Somedoctorshaverecognizedthisasaproblem.Theyarenowusingpsychologicaltherapywithpatientstousetheirownmindstofighttheirdiseases.Becausethepatientisworkingwiththemedicineandthedoctorsagainstthedisease,hisorherattitudechanges.Thepatientdoesnotwaitforthemedicineandtreatmenttocurehimorher,butinsteadthepatientjoinsinthefight.MentaltherapyThedoctorknowsthatadiseaseaffectsapatient'sbodyphysically.Thebodyofthepatient(inthiscase,aman)changesbecauseofthedisease.Heisnotonlyphysicallyaffected,butasthephysicianknows,healsohasanemotionalresponsetothedisease.Becausehismindisaffected,hisattitudeandbehaviorchange.Themedicaltreatmentmightcurethepatient'sphysicalproblems,butthepatient'smindmustfighttheemotionalones.Forexample,thestudiesofonedoctor,CarlSimonton,M.D.,haveshownthatatypicalcancerpatient(inthiscase,awoman)haspredictableattitudes.Shetypicallyfeelsdepressed,upset,andangry.Herself-imageispoorandshefeelsself-pity.Asaresult,herbehaviorchanges.Becauseofherconstantdepression,sheactsunfriendlytowardherfamily,friends,doctors,andnurses.Suchattitudesandbehaviorspreventthepatientfromgettingwell.Therefore,adoctor'streatmentmusthelpthepatientchangeherattitudes.Simonton'smethodemphasizestreatmentofthewholepatientbytreatingboththebodyandthemind.Theattitudeofacancerpatientwhoisreceivingradiationtherapy,anX-raytreatment,canbecomemorepositive.ThephysicianwhoisfollowingSimonton'spsychologicaltreatmentplansuggeststhatthepatientimaginethatheorshecanseethetumor（肿瘤）inthebody.Inthementalpicture,thepatientseesapowerfulbeamofradiationlikeamillionbulletsofenergy.Thepatientimaginesthebeamhittingthetumorcellsandcausingthemtoshrink.Foranothercancerpatient,Dr.Simontonmightmakeanothersuggestion.Thispatient,withadifferentkindofcancer,needstotakecapsulesandpillsseveraltimesaday.Thedoctorasksthepatienttoimaginethemedicinegoingfromthestomachintothebloodstreamandtothecancercells.Thepatientimaginesthatthemedicineislikeanarmyfightingthediseasedcellsandseesthecancercellsgraduallydying.Hisorherbloodcarriesawaythedeadcells.Boththemedicaltherapyandthepatient'spositiveattitudefightthedisease.Doctorsarenotcertainwhythismentaltherapyworks.However,thisuseofpsychologydoeshelpsomepatientsbecausetheirattitudesaboutthemselveschange.Theybecomemoreconfidentbecausetheyusethepowerwithintheirownmindstohelpstopthedisease.SuggestiontherapyAnotherapplicationofusingthemindtohelpcurediseaseistheuseofsuggestiontherapy.Beforemakingthesuggestion,thedoctorhelpsthepatienttoconcentratedeeply.Thepatient(inthiscase,aman)thinksonlyaboutonething.Hebecomessounawareofotherthingsaroundhimthatheseemstobeasleep.Heissaidtobeinatrance（催眠状态）.Thenthephysicianmakesasuggestiontothepatientaboutthemedicalproblem.Thepatient'smindrespondstothesuggestionevenafterthepatientisnolongerinthetrance..Inthisway,thepatientuseshismindtohelphisbodyrespondtotreatment.SuggestiontherapyhelpfulforbothadultsandchildrenDoctorshavelearnedthatthisuseofpsychologyishelpfulforbothadultsandchildren.Forexample,physicianshaveusedsuggestiontohelpadultsdealwiththestrongpainofsomedisease.Furthermore,sometimestheadultpatient(inthiscase,awoman)worriesaboutherillnesssomuchThattheanxietykeepsherfromgettingwell.Therightsuggestionsmayhelpthepatienttostopbeinganxious.Suchtreatmentmayhelpthepatientwithachronic（慢性的）diseases.Asthma（哮喘）isanexampleofachronicdisorder.Asthmaisadiseasethatcausesthepatienttohavedifficultyinbreathing.Thepatientstartstocoughandsometimeshastofighttogettheairthatheorsheneeds.Psychologycanhelprelievethesymptomsofthisdisorder.Aftersuggestiontherapy,theasthmapatientbreathesmoreeasily.Physicianshavelearnedthatthepsychologicalmethodisveryusefulintreatingchildren.Childrenrespondquicklytothetreatmentbecausetheyarefascinatedbyit.Forexample,Dr.BasilR.Collisonhasworkedwith121asthmaticchildreninSydney,Australia,andhadgoodresults.Twenty-fiveofthechildrenhadexcellentresults.Theywereabletobreathemoreeasily,andtheydidnotneedmedication.Anotherforty-threewerealsohelped.Thesymptomsoftheasthmaoccurredlessfrequently,andwhentheydid,theywerenotasstrong.Mostofthechildrenalsofeltbetteraboutthemselves.Doctorshavealsousedsuggestiontochangehabitslikenail-biting,thumb-sucking,andsleep-relatedproblems.ResponsefromthemedicalworldManyprofessionalmedicalgroupshaveacceptedthemedicaluseofpsychologybecausetheyrecognizeitsvalue.Nobodyknowshowsuggestionworks;however,doctorsh