名词解释

三：名词解释1:Autobiography(自传)Autobiographyisabranchofliteraturewhichisanaccountofaperson’slife.Autobiographysimplypresentswithamoreelegantandformallyorderedversionofthewriter’sexperiencesandmemories.2:Legend(传奇)Astoryorgroupofstorieshandeddownthroughpopularoraltradition,usuallyconsistingofanexaggeratedorunreliableaccountofsomeactuallyorpossiblyhistoricalperson—oftenasaint,monarch,orpopularhero.Legendsaresometimesdistinguishedfrommythsinthattheyconcernhumanbeingsratherthangods,andsometimesinthattheyhavesomesortofhistoricalbasiswhereasmythsdonot;butthesedistinctionsaredifficulttomaintainconsistently.Thetermwasoriginallyappliedtoaccountsofsaints'lives,butisnowappliedchieflytofancifultalesofwarriors,criminals,andothersinners;ormorerecentlytothosebodiesofbiographicalrumorandembroideredanecdotesurroundingdeadfilmstarsandrockmusicians.3:Gothicromance(哥特式浪漫)Atypeofnovelthatflourishedinthelate18thandearly19thcentinEngland.Gothicromancesweremysteries,ofteninvolvingthesupernaturalandheavilytingedwithhorror,andtheywereusuallysetagainstdarkbackgroundsofmedievalruinsandhauntedcastles.4:Transcendentalism(先验论)(超越主义)TranscendentalismisthesummitoftheRomanticMovementinthehistoryofAmericanliteratureinthe19thcentury.Transcendentalismhasbeendefinedphilosophicallyas“therecognitioninmanofthecapacityofknowingtruthintuitively”.TranscendentalistsplaceemphasisontheimportanceoftheOver-soul,theindividualandNature5:AmericanRealism(美国现实主义)Asaliterarymovementrealismcameinthelatterhalfofthenineteenthcenturyasareactionagainst“thelie”ofromanticismandsentimentalism.itpursuestheverisimilitudeofdetailderivedfromobservation.Inmattersofstyle,therewascontrastbetweenthegenteelandgracefulproseandthevernaculardictionandroughandreadyfrontierhumor.6:AmericanTallTales(离奇故事)TallTalesareexaggeratedandimaginarystoriesfromthe1800's.Theyweremade-uptotellaboutthecouragemanyhadwhileexploringandadventuringtotheWILD,WILD,WEST.Thesestoriesentertainedpeoplearoundcampfires,onsteamboats,andmanyotherplaces.7:Sentimentalnovel(伤感小说)Sentimentalnovel,broadlyspeaking,isanynovelthatexploitsthereader’scapacityfortenderness,compassion,orsympathytoadisproportionatedegreebypresentingabecloudedorunrealisticviewofitssubject.Thesentimentalnovelexaltedfeelingabovereasonandraisedtheanalysisofemotiontoafineart.8:LostGeneration(迷惘的一代)TheLostGenerationisatermusedtodescribeagroupofAmericanwriterswhowererebellingagainstwhatAmericahadbecomebythe1900’s.SeekingthebohemianlifestyleandrejectingthevaluesofAmericanmaterialism,anumberofintellectuals,poets,artistsandwritersfledtoFranceinthepostWorldWarIyears.Pariswasthecenterofitall.Fullofyouthfulidealism,theseindividualssoughtthemeaningoflife,drankexcessively,hadloveaffairsandcreatedsomeofthefinestAmericanliteraturetodate.9:AmericanPuritanism(美国清教主义)Thewordpuritanisderivedfrompureorholy.Puritanswantedtomakepuretheirreligiousbeliefsandpractices.Theyareagroupofradicalprotestants.Theywishedtorestoresimplicitytochurchservices.Biblewastheonlytrueauthority.10:Commonmeter(普通格律)Alsoknownasregularmeter.Ithasquatrains.Alternatingtetrameterandtrimester.Often1stand3rdlinesrhyme,2ndand4thlinesrhymeiniambicmeter.11:FreeverseItisaformofpoetrywithoutaregularrhymeschemeormeter.Instead,itreliesonalliteration,assonance,imagery,andparallelstructure.12:Anti-Transcendentalism(反先验论)Anti-TranscendentalismcontrastsTranscendentalism,whichfocusesonthedarknessofhumansoul.Theyembracedtheexistenceofsinandevil,makingtheirworksverydarkinnature.Theyarenotoptimistic.13:Naturalism(自然主义)Aliterarymodedevelopedinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,isanextremeformofrealism.Thenaturalistsportraypeopleandeventsobjectivelyandpreciselywithoutidealizingthem.Theyviewpeopleaspartoftheanimalworld.Thecharactersinnaturalisticwritingsarealwaysvictimsofexternalforcesandinternaldriveswithoutcontrolorfullknowledgeofthem.14:RomanceAsaliterarykindofhighculture,romanceorchivalricromanceisastyleofheroicproseandversenarrativethatwaspopularinthearistocraticcirclesofHighMedievalandEarlyModernEurope.Theywerefantasticstoriesaboutmarvel-filledadventures.Romancesreworkedlegends,fairytales,andhistorytosuitthereaders'andhearers'tastes.15:WaldenItiswrittenbyHenryDavidThoreauin1854.InWalden,Thoreaurecordsbothhisexperimentinself-sufficientnaturallivingandhisideasaboutnature,humansociety,andtheproperwayforpeopletolivewhenhelivedinWaldenformorethen2years.Inaseriesofessays,linkedbythemesandtheprogressionoftheseasons,ThoreaudescribesbuildinghisowncabinandlivingaloneinthewoodsbesideWaldenPond.16:MobyDickXItiswrittenbyHermanMelville.AhabwasthecaptainofPequod.BecauseMobybiteoffoneofhislegs.SohewantedtocaughttheMoby.Afterthreedays,hefoundMobyandfollowedupMobywithasmallboat.AlthoughhestungMoby,Mobywasverytrickyandbitetheboat,Atlasteverybodydiedexpectonesailor.