英语专业八级人文知识讲座PPT

人文知识英语国家社会与文化人文知识的考察范围宽泛.但并不要求有很深的研究,所以,主要是把握好出题的方向和侧重点.测试要求:能基本了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、现状、文化传统等.考题回顾1999年:1.TheObserver2.ThegeographicallocationofNorthAmerica3.TheolduniversitiesinU.K.4.WestminsterPalace2000:1.ThetitlesofEnglishnobility2.ThefeaturesofIrishlandscape3.ThelongestriverinBritain4.ThelegislativebranchinU.K.5.TheHundredYears’War2001:1.ThefoundingofHarvard2.ThesettlementofAnglo-Saxons3.TheofficialnameofU.K.4.TheeconomicactivityofCanada2002:1.WallStreet—thefinancialcenter2.BigBen,BenjaminHall3.ThecompulsoryeducationinU.K.4.ThreebranchesofU.S.A.government2003:1.ThelocationofCalifornia2.Britishnewsagency3.ThefoundingfathersofU.S.A.4.ThegeographyofCanada2004:1.1920sinU.S.A.2.ThelargestriverinU.S.A.3.ThediscoveryoftheNewWorld4.ThefirstsettlementinAmerica2005:1.ThecapitalcityofCanada2.HowlongtheU.S.Presidentserves3.TheimportantcitiesinU.S.A.4.ThestatechurchinEngland2006:1.ThePresidentintheCivilWar2.ThecapitalcityofNewZealand3.ThenativesofAustralia4.ThePrimeMinisterinBritainisheadoftheCabinet2007:1.TheoriginofthecurrentBritishpopulation2.TheHeadofStateofCanadaisrepresentedbytheGovernor-general3.TheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence4.TheoriginalinhabitantsofAustralia2008:1.ThelargestcityinCanada.2.ThelegislativebranchoftheU.S.government3.TheoldestsportinU.S.A.4.TheheadoftheexecutivebranchinNewZealand2009:1.TheHeadofStateofNewZealand2.ThecapitalofScotland3.TheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheU.S.president4.ThecitieslocatedontheeasterncoastofAustralia.参考书籍:1.英语专业八级人文知识及改错(上海外国语大学何树主编)2.英语国家概况(余志远主编)3.网络资料TheUnitedKingdom:地理、人口及基本事实考过题目:1.Thelongestriver(2000)2.Theofficialname(2000)3.Theoriginofthepopulation4.BigBen,BenjaminHall5.ThecapitalofScotland(2009)备考点:1.Officialnamevs.GeographicalNames:TheBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEnglandTheBritishEmpire:abigempireonwhichthesunneverset(1900);1/4oftheworld’speopleandlandareaTheCommonwealth(ofNations):1931,50independentmembers,economicties2.Geographicalposition:ItliesintheNorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.TheEnglishChannel:TheChannelisanarrowseapassagewhichseparatesEnglandandFranceandconnectstheAtlanticOceanandNorthSea.Thenarrowestpart—theStraitsofDover3.Threepoliticaldivisions:England:south,thelargest,themostpopulous,therichestLondon,ThePennies,ScafellScotland:north,Edinburgh3naturalzones(theHighlands,theLowlands,theUplands),BenNevisWales:west,Cardiff4.RiversandLakes:Thelongest—theSevernThesecondlongestandthemostimportant—ThamesThelargestlake—LoughNeaghinNorthernIrelandLakeDistrict:15lakes,theLakepoets(WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeandRobertSouthey)5.ThePeople:TheEnglish:Anglo-Saxons;England—”Angle”land;Anglo-Saxons:GermanictribeTheEnglishpeopleandtheEnglishlanguage–theunionofNormanconquerorsandthedefeatedAnglo-SaxonsTheNorman:thenativeofNormandyTheScots,Welsh&Irish—theCeltsCeltic:thelanguagespokenbyWalesTheNationalEisteddfodau—aWelshfestivaloftheartstokeepWelshlanguageandcultureGaelic:oneoftheCelticlanguagespokeninHighlands历史:1.ThetitlesofEnglishnobility2.TheHundredYears’War备考点:TheOriginsofaNation1.Thefirstknownsettlers—Iberians2.TheCelts(700B.C.)3.Romans:55B.C.JuliusCaesar;43A.D.ClaudiusChristianitywasfirstbroughttoEnglandbyRomans.InordertokeepbackthePicts&Scots,theHadrian’sWall4.TheAnglo-Saxons:ThreeGermanictribesTuesday(Tiu),Wednesday(Woden),Thursday(Thor),Friday(Freya)derivefromthenameofTeutonicGodsTheWitan(councilofthewisemantoadvicetheking)597:PopeGregoryI,St.Augustine,conversiontoChristianity,thefirstArchbishopofCanterbury5.TheVikingandDanes:Alfred—thefatheroftheBritishnavy,AlfredtheGreatKingAlfreddefeatedtheDanesandcametoanagreementwiththemin879.6.TheNormanConquest:TheBattleofHastings—1066,DukeWilliamvs.HaroldWilliam—kingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbeythefeudalsystem;theGrandCouncilDomesdayBook–apropertyrecordTheTowerofLondon,ahistoricalsight,locatedinthecenterofLondon,wasbuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorTheShapingoftheNation1.TheGreatCharter:KingJohn,1215thefoundationofEnglishlibertiesthespirit—thelimitationoftheking’spower2.AllEstatesParliament—thebeginningofParliament,the“ModelParliament”,12653.BlackDeath—thedeadlyepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleasin14thcentury.ItreducedEngland’spopulationfrom4millionto2millionbytheendofthe14thcentury.4.ThePeasantUprising:WatTyler,1381PrecipitatedbythecollectionofPollTaxTransitiontotheModernAge:1.TheWarsofRoses(1455-1485):ThebattlesbetweentheHouseofLancaster(red)andYork(white).HenryTudorunitedthetwoandbroughtabouttheruleoftheTudors.2.TheEnglishReformation:(1529-1534)HenryVIII’sreforminbreakingEnglishChurch’sconnectionwiththePopeandswitchingtoProtestanttheology1535:theSupremeHeadoftheChurchofEngland3.BloodyMary:300ProtestantsburnedThemonarchwholostCalais4.ElizabethI:AtimeofconfidenceandachievementsTheArmanda(theSpanishfleet)wasdefeatedbytheBritishnavy5.TheEnglishRenaissance:(rebirth)Aculturalmovementthatarosetheriseofthebourgeoisie.Thethinkerswhoworkedforfreedomandenlightenmentwerehumanists.TheEnglishRenaissancewasliterary:ThomasMor