电动汽车的双向DC-DC变换器的研究

硕士学位论文电动汽车的双向DC-DC变换器的研究RESEARCHONBIDIRECTIONALDC-DCCONVETEROFELECTRICVEHICLE陈建龙哈尔滨工业大学2015年6月工程硕士学位论文电动汽车的双向DC-DC变换器的研究硕士研究生：陈建龙导师：马新军讲师申请学位：工程硕士学科：电气工程所在单位：深圳研究生院答辩日期：2015年6月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学国内图书分类号：TM46学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：621.3密级：公开ClassifiedIndex:TM46U.D.C:621.3DissertationfortheMaster’sDegreeofEngineeringRESEARCHONBIDIRECTIONALDC-DCCONVETEROFELECTRICVEHICLECandidate：ChenJianlongSupervisor：LecturerMaXinjunAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpeciality：ElectricalEngineeringAffiliation：ShenzhenGraduateSchoolDateofDefence：June,2015Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-I-摘要能源危机正威胁着人类早已习惯的生活生产方式，大气污染肆虐着人类生存的每一个角落，危害着人类的健康。以环保、经济以及高科技含量著称的电动汽车得到了学者的大量关注。为了提高电动汽车的性能，双向DC/DC变换器被引入了电动汽车中。本文针对装载超级电容复合电源的电动汽车的工况需求，采用双向交错并联直流变换器为主拓扑，并研究了不同的控制策略来提高变换器的动态性能，具体研究内容如下：（1）对电动汽车及其双向DC/DC变换器的国内外研究现状做了简单的介绍，然后对双向DC/DC变换器的控制方式做了一下简单介绍。紧接着对双向交错并联直流变换器的工作原理展开阐述，并设计了其对应工作模式下的传统双闭环控制器，并建立仿真模型，仿真结果表明传统双闭环控制策略能够取得较为良好的控制结果。（2）针对传统双闭环控制策略的在动态响应性能上的不足，本文在确保输出稳压的基础上，为进一步提高变换器的动态响应以及对输入输出的鲁棒性，对充电（Buck）模式采用了一种改进的单周期控制方式并建立其小信号模型，提高了变换器的响应速度和对输入电压的鲁棒性。对放电（Boost）模式采用输入电压前馈加输出电压反馈的改进控制策略并建立其小信号模型。对比传统双闭环控制策略，两种改进策略均提高了系统的动态性能及鲁棒性。（3）针对不同的控制策略，分别搭建对应的仿真模型，并对它们进行仿真对比和分析，仿真结果验证了相应工作模式下的改进控制策略能够在基本保留输出鲁棒性不变的基础上，取得比传统控制策略更好的抗输入扰动性。电机是电动汽车的关键部件，本文对异步电机的控制模型做了简单介绍，采用SVPWM矢量控制技术对异步电机进行控制，并通过simulink建立了异步电机驱动系统仿真模型，仿真结果表明控制策略能够满足电动汽车的运行要求。最后对基于双向DC/DC变换器的的电动汽车驱动系统做了仿真，验证了所设计的变换器及其控制策略以及电机驱动系统达到了电动汽车驱动系统的运行需要。关键词：电动汽车；双向DC/DC；交错并联；单周期控制；电压前馈哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-II-AbstractEnergycrisisisthreateningthelifemodeofproductionhumanbeingsareusedto,atmospherepollutionexistsintheeverycornerofhumanexistence,endangeringhumanhealth.Famousforitsenvironmental,economic,andhigh-techcontent,theelectriccarreceivedmuchattentionofscholars.Toimprovetheperformanceofelectricvehicles,bi-directionalDC/DCconverterswereintroducedintotheelectricvehicles.Inthispapertheoperationconditionoftheloadingofultracapacitorscompositepowersupplyoftheelectriccardemand,adoptstheinterleavedparallelbi-directionaldc/dcconvertertopology,anddifferentcontrolstrategiesarestudiedtoimprovethedynamicperformanceoftheconverter.Firstly,simpleintroductionoftheresearchinelectricvehicleanditsbidirectionalDC/DCconverterstatusathomeandabroadwasmade.Afterthat,theworkingprincipleofinterleavedparallelbidirectionalDCconverterswasanalyzedunderdifferentworkingconditions,thenaccordingtothedifferentcontroltargets,therelativetraditionaldualclosedloopcontrollersunderdifferentworkingconditionsweredesignedinthecasesofthesmallsignalmodelthatwassetup,simulationsshowedthatthecontrollerspresentedagoodrresultinimprovingtheperformanceofthesystem.Aimingattheshortcomingsofthetraditionaldoubleclosed-loopcontrolstrategy,undertheconditionoftheoutputvoltagewasstable,inordertofurtherimprovethedynamicresponseoftheconverteraswellastotheinputandoutputofrobustness,animprovedonecyclecontrolstrategywasappliedtoregulatethecharging(Buck)modelandtherelativesmallsignalmodelwassetup,improvementoftheresponsespeedoftheconverterandtherobustnessoftheinputvoltagewereconspicuous.Thedischarging(Boost)modelwasregulatedbyinputvoltagefeed-forwardcombinewiththeoutputvoltagefeedbackcontrolstrategyanditssmallsignalmodelwassetup,thedynamicperformanceandrobustnessofthesystemwerewellimproved.Andthensetupthesimulationmodelunderdifferentcontrolstrategiesrespectively.Comparedthesimulationresultstothatoftraditionalone’s,thesimulationresultsshowedthatunderthecorrespondingworkingmode,theimprovedcontrolstrategiesofbothmodepresentedbettercontroleffects.Thecorrespondingsimulationmodelswerebuiltaccordingtodifferentcontrolstrategiesunderrelativeworkingmodesrespectively.Contrastandanalysisofthesimulationresultsverifiedthat,undertheconditionsofoutput哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-III-unchangedandsteady,theimprovedcontrolstrategiesperformedbettercontroleffectsinboththeeffectivenessandtheinputdisturbanceresistanceofthesystemundercorrespondingworkingmodethanthetraditionaldoubleclosedloopcontrolstrategy.Motorisakeycomponentsinelectricvehicles,inthispaper,asimpleintroductionofthecontrolmodeloftheasynchronousmotorwasmade,andSVPWMvectorcontroltechnologywasappliedtocontroltheasynchronousmotor.ThesimulationmodeloftheinductionmotordrivesystemwasestablishedbyMatlab/Simulink.SimulationresultsshowedthattheSVPWMcontrolstrategywaswellmeettheoperationrequirementsofelectricvehicle.Finally,thesimulationoftheelectricvehicledrivingsystembasedonthebidirectionalDC/DCconverterweremade,thesimulationresultsshowedthatthedesignoftheconverteranditscontrolstrategiesandthemotordrivingsystemhasreachedtheoperationoftheelectricvehicledrivesystemneeds.Keywords:electricvehicles,bidirectionalDC/DCconverter,interleavingparallel,onecyclecontrol,voltagefeedforwar哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-IV-目录摘要................................................................................................................................IAbstract.............................................................................................................................II第1章绪论...........................................