加拿大非常规油气资源.

IssueSession2.7CanadianUnconventionalSourcesofFossilFuelsWorldEnergyCongressChrisSeasons-DevonCanadaSeptember14,2010MajorCanadianBasinsWCSBDelta/ArcticJeanneD’Arc/SableSource:CAPPMontrealCalgaryNYSE:DVN(e.g.,WaterFlood)Tertiary(e.g.,CO2Flood)Thermal(e.g.,SAGD)ShalesIncreasedOperatingChallengesIncreasedCostImprovedTechnologyConventionalResourcesSmallvolumesthatareeasytodevelopUnconventionalResourcesLargevolumesthataredifficulttodevelopNYSE:DVN:DVN:DVN–oilsandslessthan60mdeepInsitu–oilsandsmorethan60mdeepCyclicSteamProcessSteamAssistedGravityDrainage(SAGD)Source:CanadianCentreforEnergyInformationNYSE:DVN(ECA)FosterCreekWolfLake/PrimroseHildaLakeColdLakeTuckerLakeJackfishKearlLakeJackpinePeaceRiverPeaceRiverSealPeaceRiverPeaceRiverSealNorthernLightsWhiteSands300kmNYSE:DVN•Landusage–BorealForestdisturbance•Freshwaterusage/impact•GreenhousegasesNYSE:DVN:DVN(170BillionBarrels)OilSandsLandUse(140,200km2)Mining20%InSitu80%InSitu(MinorSurfaceDisturbance)97%Mining3%Source:CAPPNYSE:DVN•Alldisturbedlandmustbereclaimedbylaw•Surfacedisturbanceperbarrel(SAGD)1-2%vs.conventionaloilinCanada•Newtailingsmanagementtechnologiesbeingemployedtodramaticallyreducetimetoreclaimlands•Reusetechnologiesbeingemployedtoreducethesizeoftailingsponds•Increasedwelldensityperpad,lowimpactpipeliningdevelopedinconjunctionwithGovernmentofAlbertaNYSE:DVN•Highproportionofwaterrecycledandcontinuestoimprove–ImperialColdLake:85%reductionover30years•Someinsitu(SAGD)projectsusenofreshwater(salinewater4,000ppmTDS)•FreshwaterwithdrawalsfromAthabascaRivercloselymonitoredandarelessthan2%ofvolume•NewtechnologiesfocusingonlessintensiveuseofwaterNYSE:DVN•Focusondecreasingintensityperbarrelproduction•39%intensitydecreasesince1990•Currently5-15%greateremissionsonafullcyclebasisvs.U.S.crudesupplyaverage•Technologyconcentratingprimarilyonloweringenergyusage•CarbonCaptureandStorage(CCS)mosteffectiveatlargeconventionalsourcesNYSE:DVN:JacobsConsultancyLifeCycleAssessmentComparisonforNorthAmericaandImportedCrudes,June2009Approx55%of2008oilsandsproductionApprox40%of2008oilsandsproductionApprox5%of2008oilsandsproductionNocurrentproduction(likelyfuturescenario)98102102102106104114108105116113RangeofCommonU.S.ImportedCrudeOilsU.S.DomesticCommonU.S.ConventionalOilImportsOilSands•Onalifecyclebasis,oilsandshavesimilarGHGemissionstoothersourcesofoil•Fullcycleemissionsor“wellstowheels”istheappropriatemeasuretouseinsettingcarbonpoliciesNYSE:DVN•LowEnergyextraction–35oCinsteadof80oC=1/3lessenergy–Workingonlowertemperatures•Undergroundcombustionratherthansteam–PetrobankWhitesands–THAIprocess•Additivestoreducetheneedforbothwaterandenergy(steam)–LASER(Imperial),SAP(Cenovus),N-Solv–SC-SAGD(Laricina),SOLVE(Statoil/PTRC)•Electricityinsteadofsteamtowarmtheheavyoilunderground–ET-Energy,ShellCarbonCaptureandStorage•Mosteffectiveatupgraders/hydrogenplants–ShellQuestunderconstructionSource:CAPPShaleGasNYSE:DVN’sNaturalGasResource3,915TCFConventional(Remaining)692TCFNaturalGasfromCoal801TCFTightGas1,311TCFShaleGas1,111TCFSource:CSUGNYSE:DVN:DVN:DVN•Potentialinterferencewithfreshwatertabl