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动名词GERUND[1]动名词的性质:名词性[2]动名词的形式:一般,完成;主动,被动[3]动名词的用法:与名词相当[4]注意事项:a)名:动名词是动词的一种非限定形式。它在句中起名词的作用。b)动:动名词是动词的一种形式,因此也具有动词的某些特点,它可以有自己的宾语或状语。c)从更深层上讲,动名词具有泛指性(一般性、习惯性)和过去性的含义a)Makingfriendswiththestudentsisnoteasyjob.Myfavoritesportisskating.HaveyougotusedtolivinginChina?b)Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.Excusemeforcominglate.[2]动名词的形式:主动被动动名词[1]性质:做主语做表语做宾语a)本质特性:名词性b)内部特性:c)深层特性:a)动名词的逻辑主语b)特殊结构一般doingbeingdone完成havingdonehavingbeendone动名词有其时态和语态(见属性篇动名词时、语态的形式):1)一般式:动名词一般式表示的动作与句中谓语的动词表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生,如用一般式表示其发生在谓语动词之前,则在动名词前用介词on、upon或after.2)完成式:动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。3)被动式:当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对象时,该动名词要求用被动形式.注:若表示动名词动作发生在谓语动词之前,可使用动名词的完成式或—般式前加on、upon或after,两者的区别为:后者(on+doing)所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作是紧接着发生的.1.Themaninthecomerconfessedtoalietothemanagerofthecompany.(97—6—58)答案:DA)havetoldB)betoldC)beingtoldD)havingtold2.Hegivespeopletheimpressionallhislifeabroad.A)ofhavingspentB)tohavespentC)ofbeingspentD)tospend3.hearingtheterriblenewsshedroppedthecupshewasholding.答案:CA)AtB)DuringC)OnD)As4.Markoftenattemptstoescapewheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.(95—6—42)答案:DA)havingbeenfinedB)tobefinedC)tohavebeenfinedD)beingfined[3]动名词的用法:与名词相当a)动名词(结构)用作主语b)动名词(结构)用作表语c)动名词(结构)用作宾语1.动词后2.成语动词后3.介词后[介词+动名词(结构)构成句子状语][3a]动名词(结构)用作主语*Forgettingthepastmeansbetrayal.*Breathingbecamedifficultonthemountain.*TeachingEnglishisdifficultbutinteresting.*It’snousesendinghimthere,it’stoolate.*It’sawasteoftimearguingwithhim.*Itwasverydifficultgettingeverythingreadyintime.*It’snogoodwaitinghere.Let’swalkhome.*Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter.[注]动名词可以作主语,有时可以用形式主语it代替。it放在句首而把实际主语放在句末,但大多限于:象“Itisnouse…”、“Itisnogood…”、“Itisuseless…”等一些习惯用法中。如:Itisuselessdoingthatwork.另外,动名词还可以用在Thereisno…结构中作主语.例如:Thereisnousecallinghimatthishour.[3b]动名词(结构)用作表语*Therealproblemisgettingtoknowtheneedsofpeople.*HerjobisteachingEnglish.*Seeingisbelieving.[3c]动名词(结构)用作宾语:1.动词后2.成语动词后3.介词后(1-1)在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式,常见的这类动词有:等.suggest、advice、finish、stop、leaveoff、admit,deny、excuse、pardon、postpone、putoff、delay、avoid、imagine、fancy、consider、can’thelp、mind(介意)、endure、appreciate、enjoy、miss、escape、require、practice、miss、permit、risk、keep、escape,etc.*Theyavoidedgivingusadefiniteanswer.*Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?*Haveyoufinishedcorrectingthepapers?(动名词的深层特性和动词不定式不同)由于动词不定式也具有名词的性质和功能,因此,其用法在三个位置上与动名词发生了重合,即主语位置,宾语位置和表语位置,故Itisnousedoing…Itisnopointdoing…Itisuselessdoing…Itisnogooddoing…Thereisnodoing…动名词作主语有必要对此予以比较.总的来说动名词和动词不定式的区别:从更深层上讲,动名词具有泛指性(一般性、习惯性)和过去性的含义;而动词不定式具有:特指性(确定性、特定性、)和目的性以及将来性。(1-2)在love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,start,Continue,intend,attempt,can’tbear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,neglect,try,deserve,can'tafford等动词后,可以用动名词作宾语,也可以用不定式:*Doyoulikeplaying(toplay)chess?*Iprefermaking(tomake)anoutlinebeforeIdomycomposition.*Iproposemaking(tomake)achangeintheplan.*Thentheybeganmaking(tomake)plansforthework.有时两种结构之间意义差别不大,有时却有不同的意思,在remember,regret,want,try等词后差别是比较明显的:*Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.*Imustremembertotakemynotebookswithme.*Iregretnothavingacceptedyouradvice.*IregrettosayIhaven'tgivenyouenoughhelp.*Shedoesn'twant(need)tocome.*Thehousewants(needs)cleaning.*Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.*Let'strydoingtheworksomeotherway.在like,hate,prefer等词后,如果表示一般倾向,多用动名词作宾语(a),如指特定或具体某次行动,用不定式时更多一些(b):a.Ilikereadingbooksofthiskind.Ihatespeakingbeforeabigaudience.Theypreferwalkingtocycling.b.I’dliketoreadthisbook.Ihatetosayso,butreallyIcan’tgo.Iprefertostayathometoday.在begin,start,和cease后面,如果表示声意识地“开始(停止)做某事”,多用动名词,否则用不定式时更多一些:*Westartedworkingonitin1999.*Thebushaveceasedrunning.*Suddenlyitstarttorain.*IbegantorealizeIhadbeenwrong.2)(动名词作短语动词后宾语)常见的这类动词有:approveof、becapableof、beobjectedto、beusedto、beaccustomedto,giveup、keepon,lookforwardto、putoff、can’thelp等.*Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.*I’mthinkingofgoingtothecinema.*Haveyougotusedtolivinghere?*Areyouinterestedingoingtotheshow?*Iamproudofbeingastudentofthiscollege.*Ihavesucceededinovercomingthedifficulties.*Idon’tfeellikeeatinganything.*Whoisresponsiblefororganizingthisclass?*Thelittleboyiskeenonplayingthattoy.3)(介词宾语)动名词也可以作介词的宾语.如:*Hewentawaywithouttellingme.*Healwaysconsultedothersbeforedoinganything.*Theybrokeintocheersonhearingthenews.*Weallsurprisedatyourdoingthat.*Sheleftwithoutsayinggood-byetous.*Hewarnedmeagainstswimmingthere.*Besidescookingandsewingshehadtotakecareofthechildren.典型练习:1.Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate-----fromyousometime.(93—1—66)答案:DA)tohaveheardB)heardC)tohearD)hearing2.Markoftenattemptstoescapewheneverhebreakstrafficregulation.(95—6—42)答案:DA)havingbeenfinedB)tobefinedC)havebeenfinedD)beingfined3.Thetraditionalapproachwithcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.(6--33)A)todealingB)indealingC)dealingD)todeal4.Iamaccustomedatseveninthemorning.答案:BA)toriseB)torisingC)toberisingD)tohaverisen5.Iamlookingforwardtofromyouagain.A)hearB)hearingC)beheardD)haveheard[4]动名词的逻辑主语由动名词的逻辑主语+动名词短语构成的动名词的复合结构,在句中作主语或宾语等,逻辑主语与动名词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系.逻辑主语的形式有四种,①逻辑主语是表示有生命的名词,用所有格(加's).②逻辑主语是表示无生命的名词,则直接用普通格(不加's).③当逻辑主语是代词时,可用物主代词或代词宾格.*Herlackingi
本文标题:动名词二号体旧版
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