动词的时态和语态1

1动词的时态和语态动词的时态动词的时态一共有16种，以do为例，将其各种时态的构成列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般did进行完成完成进行一、一般体考点（一）一般现在时1.Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearth(move)aroundthesun.2.Water(boil)at100℃.3.Thecarelessdriverhasjustbeenfined$10forstoppinghiscaratasignthat(read)“NOPARKING”.4.Whateveryou(say),Iwillnotchangemymind.5.Don’ttrytorunbeforeyou(begin)towalk.6.I’llgowithyouifI(finish)mywork.【总结】1．定义：表示现在的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。时间状语：everyday;often;usually;always;seldom;sometimes2.一般现在时可以表示或。3.在让步、时间和条件状语从句中以及主语是祈使句时常用一般现在时代替将来时。（二）一般过去时1.---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.---Butshe(promise)!2.Myuncledidn’t(marry)untilhewasforty-five.3.---Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcar,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?---I’msorryI(notsay)anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.4.---Comeonin,Peter.Iwanttoshowyousomething.---Oh,howniceofyou!Inever(think)you(be)goingtobringmeagift.5.---Yourphonenumberagain!I(notcatch)it.---It’s9598442.【总结】定义：过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的状态。含有“刚才，在过去”之意，暗示现在已经不这样。时间状语：then;atthattime;justnow;threedaysago;yesterday;when或while引导的表示过去的时间状语从句（三）一般将来时将来时用法例句1will+动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态（事物固有的属性或必然趋势）Mysistertennextyear.2begoingto+动词原形1.口语中表示“打算、计划”做某事；2.根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；3.用于条件句中，表将来；而will不行Itisgoingtoclearup.Wehaveapartytonight.2Ifyoucometomyhouse,you’dbetterphonemefirst.3be+doing进行时表示将来go;come;start;begin;move;leave;arrive;stay等词可用进行时表示按照计划或即将发生的动作Hetothesouth.AretheyleavingforEurope?4beaboutto+动词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语Ileavewhenthebellrang.Themeetingisabouttoclose.5beto+动词原形表示按照计划或安排要做的事Wemeetattheschoolgateatnoon.6一般现在时表示将来一些起止的动词come;go;leave;arrive;fly;return;start;begin;close;end;stop等，用来表示时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情Themeetingstartsatfiveo’clock.Theplaneattenthisevening.【总结】1.定义：将来某一时刻要发生的动作或所处的状态。时间状语：soon;nextweek;tomorrow等2.beto+动词原形的用法：(1)YouaretodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.=haveto/must“必须“(2)Youaretoreportthepolice.=should/oughtto“应该”(3)Ifwearetobetherebefore10,we’llhavetogonow.=intend/want“打算；想”(4)Whatarewetodonext？用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。(5)Youarenottosmokeintheroom.=mustn’t“禁止”，用于否定句中(6)Thenewsistobefoundintheeveningnewspaper.=may/can“可以；可能”【题组训练】1.Ifaman(succeed),hemustworkashardashecan.2.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetowateredifthey(survive).3.Lookattheseclouds.It(rain).4.---You’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave.I(go)andturnitoff.二、进行体考点1.Asshe(read)thenewspaper,Grammy(fall)asleep.2.ThereportersaidthattheUFO(travel)easttowestwhenhe(see)it.3.Healways(think)ofothersfirst.4.Heisalwaysmaking(make)thesamemistake.5.---Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse.---Notyet.Therooms(pain).6.Shirleywaswriting(write)abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.7.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoteasytaskbecausetechnology(change)sorapidly.8.Idon’treallyworkhere.Iamjusthelping(help)outuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.【总结】1.定义1）现在进行时：说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。2）过去进行时：过去某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。2.时间状语31）现在进行时：now;rightnow等2）过去进行时：atthistimeyesterday等3.一个长动作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作用进行体，短动作用一般体。4.进行体表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪。常与always;continually;constantly等连用。5.进行体表示动作的未完成性、暂时性。三、完成体考点（一）现在完成时1.Inthepastfewyears,greatchanges(take)placeinmyhometown.2.He(be)busywritingabookrecently.3.He(write)8bookssofar.4.Hehasalreadyturned(turn)offthelight.(thelightisoffnow)5.Hastheconcertstarted(start)yet?(Istheconcertonnow?)6.Ihaveneverseen(see)thefilm.(Idon’tknowthefilmnow)7.IwillnotbelieveyouunlessIhaveseen(see)itwithmyowneyes.8.IwillgowithyouassoonasIhavefinished(finish)mywork.9.改错1)HehascometoBeijingsincelastyear.Hehasbeen/livedinBeijingsincelastyear.HecametoBeijinglastyear.2)Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.Hehasservedinthearmyfor3years.Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.【总结】1.定义和时间状语：1）表示一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，（也许还将持续下去）。时间状语：lately;recently;inthelast/pastfewyears,sincethen;uptonow;sofar等2.)一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。时间状语：already;just;yet;never;before等2.在条件、时间或让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已经完成的动作3.瞬间动词用完成时态不可以接一段时间的状语瞬间动词有：come;go;getto/reach/arrivein/arriveat;leave;buy;sell;open;close;getup;join/takepartin;begin/start;return;give;borrow;lend;become;turn;bring;take;die;finish/end;receive/hearform;marry;break;lose;jump(二)过去完成时1.Shehadlearned(learn)someEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.2.Hesaidthathehadbeen(be)aroundfor3years.3.Bythenhehadlearned(learn)Englishfor3years.4.Untilthenhehadknown(know)nothingaboutityet.5.Ihadmeant(mean)tohelpyou,butIwassobusyatthemoment.6.Ihadhoped(hope)tomeetMr.Smiththismorning,butIfoundnobodyleftintheroom.【总结】1.定义：一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时。时间状语：before;或从句和上下文。42.从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作。时间状语：bythen;bythattime;bytheendof+过去时间3.表示过去未能实现的愿望和意图。如：mean;expect;hope;intend;want;think;suppose四、现在完成进行时1.Wehavebeenlearning(learn)Englishfor5years.2.---Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?---No,butwehavebeentrying(try)togetintouchwiththemeversince.【总结】表示一个动作从过去开始，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。具有未完成性、暂时性和一定的感情色彩。五、固定句型中的时态搭配1.ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavecome(come)here.Itwasthethirdtimethathehadmade(make)thesamemistakeishaveIt/Thisthefirst/second…time+thatsb.donesth.washad2.Itis/hasbeen(be)morethan2yearssincewewenttoTumoteMiddleschool.Itwas/hadbee