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汉译英句子结构的调整一、句子构造方式的多样性在进行汉译英的过程中,一定要将不符合英语句型表达的中文句子进行结构上的调整。基本英语句型有以下七种:SV主谓结构SVO主谓宾结构SVC主系表结构SVOC主谓宾+宾补结构SVOO主谓+双宾语结构SVA主谓状结构SVOA主谓宾+状语结构他们不负责的行为让我们大家既气愤又失望。Theirirresponsibilitymadeusangryanddisappointed.(SVC)Wewereangryanddisappointedattheirirresponsibility.(SVOC)Theirirresponsibilityfilleduswithangeranddisappointment.(SVOA)我们已向上届排球冠军队发出挑战,要求一比高低。We’vechallengedthechampionteaminlastcontesttoavolleyballmatch.假日里充满着欢喜与愉悦。Theholidaywasfilledwithexcitementandpleasure.大家都说我的字体大有进步。Everyoneconsideredmyhandwritinggreatlyimproved.中国是一个发展中国家,面临着发展经济与环境保护的双重任务。Asadevelopingcountry,Chinaisconfrontedwithadualtaskofdevelopingeconomyandprotectingenvironment.他们已经把食物和药品空运给被洪水围困的乡亲。Theyhaveairliftedfoodandmedicinetothevillagerssurroundedbytheflood.Theyhavedeliveredfoodandmedicinetothevillagerssurroundedthefloodbyair.Theyhavetransportedfoodandmedicinetothevillagersurroundedbythefloodbyair.繁重的家务把她弄得筋疲力尽。Shewascompletelywornoutwithallthisstrenuoushousechores.Allthesehousechorestriedherout.二、汉语使动句的翻译将汉语使动句翻译成英语时有以下处理方法:把“使”和主句动词结合,译作及物动词,成为“主语+及物动词+宾语”的句子;译作英语中的被动语态把“使”字前后的部分译作因果关系,使用动词短语(resultfrom,leadto,contributeto,giveriseto等),介词短语(dueto,becauseof,owingto,thanksto等),或者因果关系连词(sothat,because,as,since等)父母越是贫困,孩子越是难以得到良好的教育,这使这个家庭陷入恶性循环。Thepoorerparentsare,theharderitisfortheirchildrentoreceiveagoodeducation,whichtrapsthefamilyinaviciouscircle.使人民感到我们真心诚意搞改革开放。Peoplewouldbeconvincedthatwewerewhole-heartedlycommittedtoreformandopeningup.天气太遭,使得我们未能出行。Owingtopoorweather,wecancelledourtrip.Badweatherpreventedusfromgoingout.她最近的专辑使她在流行乐坛名声大振。Herlatestsoloalbumhasgainedheragreatreputationintheworldofpopmusic.Shehasbecomefamousintheworldofpopmusicsincethereleaseofthelatestsoloalbum.建筑工地的噪音使附近的居民晚上几乎无法入睡。Thenoisefromtheconstructionsitemadeitimpossiblefortheresidentslivingnearbytofallasleepatnight.Thenoisefromtheconstructionsitealmostpreventedtheresidentslivingnearbyfromfallingasleepatnight.Theresidentslivingnearbycouldhardlyfallasleepatnightwiththenoisefromtheconstructionsite.只要改变温度,我们可以使液态水变成固态水,或者使冰再变成水。Aliquidlikewatercanbechangedtosolidiceandbackagaintowater,justbychangingthetemperature.外来的干涉使这个国家陷入全面内战。Outsideinterferencedrove/plungedthecountryintoall-outcivilwar.Thecountryfellintoanall-outcivilwarbecauseoftheoutsideinterference.Outsideinterferenceresultinanall-outcivilwarinthecountry.现代化的交通,电信与大众传媒手段使世界变得越来越小。Modernmeansoftransportation,telecomandmassmediahavemadetheworldsmallerandsmaller.Modernmeansoftransportation,telecomandmassmediahaveshortenedthegeographicaldistanceintheworld.互联网的出现使我们广播人措手不及。Theappearanceoftheinternettookusbroadcastersbysurprise.发达国家应为发展中国家提供新的追加资金使他们能够更有效地参与国际环境合作。Developedcountriesshouldprovidedevelopingcountrieswithnewandadditionalfinancialresourcestoenablethemtoparticipatemoreeffectivelyininternationalenvironmentalcooperation.他的慷慨大方使我们不知所措。Hisgenerosityoverwhelmedus.Wewereoverwhelmedbyhisgenerosity.电信使我们的工作生活发生了前所未有的改变。Telecomshavebroughtaboutunprecedentedchangestoourworkandlife.数字技术使人们的沟通方式发生了巨大的改变。Thedigitaltechnologyhasimmenselychangethewayofcommunication.Thedigitaltechnologyhasbroughtabouttremendouschangesinthewayofcommunication.Thankstothedigitaltechnology,tremendouschangeshavetakenplaceinthewayofcommunication.练习数字技术在使人与人之间的联系更加精密的同时,也使得个人隐私失去了隐秘性。通过互联网支付的帐单明显呈现上升趋势,这种情况使得一些邮政业务出现史无前例的萎缩。上海将集中进行铁路建设,使铁路成为未来公共交通的重要组成部分。黑客袭击事件屡次发生,使得政府很有必要采取必要措施加强对互联网的安全防卫。一些电脑病毒席卷全球,造成巨大经济损失,并使电子邮件系统瘫痪。数字技术在使人与人之间的联系更加精密的同时,也使得个人隐私失去了隐秘性。Whiletighteningtherelationbetweenpeople,thedigitaltechnologyisintrudingupontheirprivacy.通过互联网支付的帐单明显呈现上升趋势,这种情况使得一些邮政业务出现史无前例的萎缩。Theobviousincreaseine-billsareshrinking/hascaused/hasledtosomepostalservicesunprecedentedly.上海将集中进行铁路建设,使铁路成为未来公共交通的重要组成部分。Shanghaiwillconcentrateontheconstructionoftherailwaysasakeypartinthefuturepublictransport/sothattheywillbecomeakeypartinthefuturepublictransport.Shanghai’sfocusontheconstructionoftherailwayswillmakethemakeypartinthefuturepublictransport.黑客袭击事件屡次发生,使得政府很有必要采取必要措施加强对互联网的安全防卫。Therepeatedoccurrencesofhackers’intrusionhasmadeitnecessaryforthegovernmenttotakepropermeasurestotightenthesecurityofInternet.ThegovernmentneedstotakepropermeasurestotightenthesecurityofInternetbecauseoftherepeatedoccurrencesofhackers’intrusion/ashackers’intrusionoccurrepeatedly.一些电脑病毒席卷全球,造成巨大经济损失,并使电子邮件系统瘫痪。Somecomputervirusessweptacrosstheworld,causingseriousfinanciallossesandparalyzingthee-mailsystems.三、汉语无主句的译法汉语中有大量的句子没有主语,对于这种句子的翻译,我们需要通过以下手段来处理:译为被动句增添主语译为复合结构,“动词+名词+介词”结构译为存在句、祈使句或其他特殊句型一、译为被动句继续通过平等友好协商,处理彼此间存在的一些分歧和争议,寻求问题的逐步解决。Theseproblemscanbesolvedstepbystepbyhandlingtheexistingdisagreementsanddisputesthroughcontinuedfriendlyconsultationsonanequalfooting.要积极稳定地进行股份制和股份合作制的改革。Reformswilltakeplaceactivelyandsteadilyonmattersconcerningtheestablishmentofthejointsharesystemandthejointstockcooperativesystem.对长期亏损,扭亏无望的企业实施规范破产。Standardizedbankruptcyprocessshouldbeimposedon/carriedoutintheloss-makingenterpriseswhoselong-timedifficultsituationisunlikelytobechang
本文标题:句子结构的调整
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