国外旅游景点研究综述

,,,,,,,:,[][1],.[M].:,2001.2-5.[2],,.[J].,2005,(20)2:20-24.[3].()[J].,2001,(16)6:16-26.[4];.[M],:,2000.4-10.[5];.[M].:,2005,7-9.[6].[M].:,2005.6-11.[7].[J],,1996,(11)2:48-52.[8].[M].:,1999.93-100.AStudyontheSystemofResearchMethodologyofTourismScienceFromthePerspectiveofSociologyCHENCai(CollegeofHistory&Tourism,LiaoningNormalUniversity,Dalian116029,China)Abstract:Thispaperinvolvesfouraspectsintermsofmethodologyoftourismstudy:1.themeaningoftourismresearchmethodology;2.whyshouldtourismmethodologybestudiedonthebasisofsociologicalperspective;3.thesociologicaltheoriesandtheirapplicationinthetourismdomain;4.thebasicstructureoftourismresearchmethodology.Keywords:tourismscience;sociologymethodology[:;:]1,2(1.,200234;2.,201620)[](RE552)[]2006-07-05;[]2006-11-02[](1976-),,,,;(1978-),,,,[],,[];;[]F59[]A[]1002-5006(2007)01-0089-061[123],,2080,20115[2,4],,[5,6],,,(Stevens):,(Cinderella),[729][10],,TOURISMTRIBUNE222007189,,,,,2,[2],,2060(Boorstin)[11],(Piperoglou)4[12],3,,206070,[13]1955[14,15]2080,[1,16],2080,,(Gunn)(thefunctionaltourismsystem),[16];(Middleton)[17],2090,,[1],(Pearce)[6],,3(Benckendorffetal)4:,;,;,;,[10],,,,311,TouristattractionTourismattraction,TravelattractionAttraction,Touristattraction1862[18](Swarbrooke)Touristattraction,,,Visitorattraction()[2],,,,(Bonn)[19];(Lew)[1];(Pearce)[5],(Lawton)[3];(Leiper)3[20];(Hu&Wall)(Middleton),[8,17];(Swarbrooke)[2];,,,,,,,,,[8],(1)312,65%19702220071TOURISMTRIBUNE901()[16](Gunn)1988[2](Swarbrooke)1995[20](Leiper)1990[21](Rogers)1995[15](Law)2002[22](Fyalletal)2005[8](Huetal)2005[1](Lew)[2](Swarbrooke)[3](Lawton)198719952005[2](Swarbrooke)[23](Beckenetal)19952002[10](Benckendorffetal)20031999[15],1980,47%[24],,,,,,,(Lew),3,[1];(Page)(1)[24],[16](Gunn)[20](Leiper)[25](Wall)[1](Swarbrooke):;3;3;,(Shovaletal)Co2Plot,[26],:,,;,,3131(Page,2004)31311,,[27],[28,29],(Braun&Soskin;Garrod&Fyall)[30,31];(Stevens)(destinationattraction)[32];(Garrodetal)[31];(Benckendorff&Pearce),[10],(Victor)(Fyalletal)[22]31312,,(Cohen)[33];(Pavlovich)(WaitomoCave)[34];(McKercher),[35],(Pearce&Tan)(Rotorua),,3[36],,,(atdistribution)(enTOURISMTRIBUNE222007191route);(semi2independenttravelers),,20%,,31313,[2],[37],,,,,,[38],,,(Milman)(Hourlyemployee),,[39],(Jennifer)14,[37],,31314208090,[22];2090,,,,,,40%[40],,4:,;,;,;,,[4,40],[4],,(Garrod&Fyall),[4]31315[41](Richardson&Fluke),,6,(Recreationalcarryingcapacitymodel)(Recreationopportunityspectrum)(Limitsofacceptablechange)(Visitorimpactmanagementmodel)(Visitorexperienceandresourceprotectionmodel)(Visitoractivitymanagementprogram),(Bhatia);(Richardson&Fluke)(Demarketing)(Timedentrysystem),(Cooperetal),[42]31316,[2](Drummond&Yeoman)[43];(Swarbrooke)[2];(Alexandros&Jaffry)[44];(Dengetal)[45],(Garrodetal)[4],,[8,44](Hu&Wall)[8]314(Lawton),,,,,,[3]2220071TOURISMTRIBUNE92(Teo&Yeoh),,[46],(Garrod;Garrodetal)[4,31];(Cooper),()[47],(Richards)[7];(Darnell&Johnson)[48]31520,[32],3:,;,;,[15],,[15,32],[39,49,50],[2,7,9,15,22,31,38,39],(Martin&Mason),2080,,[49],(Cornell),,,[50](Milman)[38](Stevens),10,,,[32],(Garrodetal)[4],,4,3,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,3,,,[][1]LewAA1Aframeworkoftouristattractionresearch[J].JournalofTravelResearch,1987,14(4):553-575.[2]SwarbrookeJ.Thedevelopmentandmanagementofvisitorattraction[M].Oxford:Butterworth2Hei2nemann,1995.[3]LawtonLJ.ResidentperceptionsoftouristattaractionsontheGoldCoastofAustralia[J].JournalofTravelResearch,2005,44(4):188-200.[4]GarrodB,FyallA,LeaskA.Scottishvisitorattractions:managingvisitorimpacts[J].TourismManagement,2002,23:265-279.[5]PearcePL.Analyzingtouristattractions[J].JournalofTourismStudies,1991,2(1):46-55.[6]PearcePL.Marketingandmanagementtrendsintouristattraction[J].AsiaPacificJournalofTourismResearch,1998,3(1):1-8.[7]RichardsG.Tourismattractionsystems:exploringculturalbehavior[J].JournalofTourismStudies,2002,29(4):1048-1064.[8]HuW,WallG.Environmentalmanagement,environmentalimageandthecompetitivetouristattraction[J].JournalofSustainableTourism,2005,13(6):617-635.[9]StevensTR.Visitorattractions:theirmanagementandcontributiontotourism[A].Progressintourism,recreationandhospitalitymanagement[C].London:Belhaven,1991.105-113.[10]BenckendorffPJ,PearcePL.Austriantouristattractions:thelinksbetweenorganizationalcharacteristicsandplanning[J].JournalsofTravelResearch,2003,42(1):24-35.[11]BoorstinD.Theimage:aguidetoPseudo2eventsinAmerica[M].NewYork:Harper2Row.1962.103.[12]PearceDG.Touristdevelopment[M].2ndedn.London:William2Clowes,1983.30-32.[13].()[M].:,2003.150.[14]MilmanA.Thefutureofthethemeparkandattractionindustry:aTOURISMTRIBUNE222007193managementperspective[J].JournalofTravelResearch,2001,40(1):139-147.[15]LawMC.Urbantourism[M].London:YHTLtd,2002.74-96.[16]GunnCA.Tourismplanning[M].NewYork;Taylor2Francis.1988.68-73.[17]MiddletonVTC.Marketingintravelandtourism[M].London:Butterworth2Heinemann.1988.[18]BoorstinD.Theimage:aguidetoPseudo2eventsinAmerica[M].NewYork:Harper2Row.1962.103.[19]BoonMA.Tourism[A].In:EppersonAF.Privateandcommercialrecreation[C].Statecollege,PA:Venture,1986.[20]Leiper,N.Touristattractionsystems[J].Annals