北京大学版博士生综合英语词汇教案unit4

北京大学版博士生综合英语Unit41UnitFourText:TheManyFacesoftheFutureSamuelP.Huntington1.elite:n(常作贬义)socialgroupconsideredtobethebestormostimportantbecauseoftheirpower,talent,wealth,etc（由于有权力、才能、财富等）被视为最好的或最重要的社会集团;精英;尖子:theruling,scientificelite掌权的、科学方面的精英|aneliteforce,regiment精锐部队、团.---AlltheglamorousWashingtonelitewereatthedinnerthatevening.---Onlyasmallelitecanaffordtosendtheirchildrentothisschool.---TheParachuteRegimentaretheeliteoftheBritisharmedforces.---ThePresidenthasbeenaccusedofdevelopingpoliciesinfavorofasmallelite.2.scenario:pl.scenarios[C],n(pl~s)1（电影、戏剧等的）脚本、剧情概要等.2imaginedsequenceoffutureevents想像中的未来事情的顺序:apossiblescenarioforwar战争中可能出现的情况.---Imagineascenariowhereonly20%ofpeoplehaveajob.possible/likely/plausible/worst-case/nightmarescenario---Underalikelyscenario,worldpopulationwilldoubleby2050.---Theworst-casescenariowasthathewouldhavetohaveanoperation.MoreExamples:---Acommonscenarioisthatawomanmarriesandsacrificeshercareerforherhusband.---Inaworst-casescenarioalllifeontheplanetwouldbewipedoutbyanuclearwar.---Thisiseverypolitician'snightmarescenario.---Underthemosthopefulscenario,itwilltake20yearstocleanupthemess.3.fad:nsomethingthatisfashionableforashorttime;=craze;fashion,interest,preference,enthusiasm,etcthatisnotlikelytolast流行的时尚、爱好、狂热等:---WillTomcontinuetocollectstampsorisitonlyapassingfad?汤姆还在集邮呢,还是热劲已过?---Interestinorganicfoodisnotafad,it'sheretostay.---Isbloggingafad?---Theyknowthisisjustanotherfad.---Thisisnotsimplyapassingfad.faddish:=faddy,intenselyfashionableforashorttime,风行的，时尚的，流行的faddist：apersonwhosubscribestoavarietyoffads4.recipient:n~(ofsth)personwhoreceivessth接受者.---ThefederalFamilySupportActof1988requiredmanywelfarerecipientstoparticipateineducation,training,orwork.---Threeminuteslater,thecomputerprintsoutalistof60namesofsuitablerecipients,togetherwiththeirrelevantdata.5.gadget:nsmallmechanicaldeviceortool小机械;小器具:acomplicatednewgadgetforopeningtins复杂的新开罐器.---Asalesassistantwasdemonstratingseveralkitchengadgetstoacrowdofshoppers.---Heshowedherseveralelectronicgadgets,suchasawatchthatyoucanuseasaphone.---It'sacleverlittlegadgetwhichyoucanusetocutvegetablesintoattractiveshapes.gadgetry:n[U]小机械,小器具（统称）:lotsofmoderngadgetry很多现代化的小机械.---Idon'tunderstandhowallthiselectronicgadgetryworks.---Thegadgetryisimpressivebutwhatareitshumanapplications?6.antagonistic:adj~to/towardssb/sthshowingorfeelingantagonism;hostile;averse对抗的;敌对的:同义词：hostile,adverse,opposed,resistant---He'salwaysantagonistictowardsnewideas.他总是抗拒新思想。---AlotofpeoplerefusetoworkwithPaula.Hermannerisjusttooantagonistic.---Ican'tunderstandwhyhe'sbeingsoantagonistic.---TherightwingpresshasalwaysbeendeeplyantagonistictowardstheLabourparty.---WhyareKateandJohnsoantagonistictowardseachother?antagonist:npersonwhoactivelyopposessb/sth;adversary对抗者;对手;敌手同义词：adversary,competitor,contestant,enemy,foe,opponent,rival---Inthefluctuatingcombinationandrecombinationofgroups,oldfriendsandoldantagonistscomeacrossoneanotherinshiftingsocialcontexts.---Yet,onthewhole,therichmanremainsthenaturalantagonistofthepoor.7.naïve:adjnatural,innocent;unaffected自然而天真的,不做作的;credulous轻信的,缺少经验、智慧或判断力的:同义词：childlike,green,credulous,gullible,innocent,simple---Youweren'tsonaiveastobelievehim,wereyou?你没有轻易相信他,是吧?---HeheldontothenaivebeliefthatMarxismwouldsolvealltheworld'sproblems.---Iwassonaive-Ibelievedeverythingthemilitarytoldme.---We'renotnaiveanymorelikewewereinthe60s.---Itwouldbenaivetothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea'sproblemsstraightaway.naively(alsonavely):adv.Ihadnaivelyimaginedthathewasinlovewithme.naivety(alsonavety,navete):n天真;天真的言语、北京大学版博士生综合英语Unit42举动等.|dangerouspoliticalnaivety8.arrogance:whensomeonebehavesinarudewaybecausetheythinktheyareveryimportantSynonyms：conceit,conceitedness,disdain,loftiness,presumption,pride,self-esteem,vanityarrogant:adjproud,superior傲慢的;自大的:anarroganttoneofvoice傲慢的口气---It'sarrogantofyoutoassumeyou'llwineverytime.Synonyms:assuming,conceited,contemptuous,disdainful,lofty,presumptuous,proud,scornful,self-conceited,self-important9.dissemination:n.disseminate:vspread(ideas,beliefs,etc)widely散布,广为传播（思想、信仰等）:Synonyms:circularize,circulate,disperse,distribute,passaround,scatter,spread---Theyusethepresstodisseminateright-wingviews.他们利用报刊来传播右翼观点。---Herfindingshavebeenwidelydisseminated.---TheHealthEducationCouncilisthecentralagencyfordisseminatinginformationaboutdiseaseprevention.10.converge:v1~(onsb/sth);~(atsth)（指线条、运动的物体等）会于一点,向一点会合;聚集:armiesconvergingonthecapitalcity向首都集结的各路军队|Parallellinesconvergeatinfinity.平行线永不相交.|EnthusiastsfromaroundtheworldconvergeonLeMansfortheannualcarrace.热心的观众从世界各地涌到勒芒市观看一年一度的汽车比赛。2(比喻)(tendto)becomesimilaroridentical（趋于）相似或相同:Ourpreviouslyopposedviewsarebeginningtoconverge.我们原来相互对立的观点开始趋于一致。|Somesaythatcapitalismandsocialismwilleventuallyconverge.有人说资本主义和社会主义最终会合而为一。Synonyms:assemble,cometogether,congregate,gather,huddle,merge,rally,unite---Culturalbeliefsabouttheroleofwomenconvergewithgovernmentpolicies.---Reportersconvergedonthescene.convergence:n[U].convergent:adj:convergentlines,opinions相交的线条;趋于