Laboratory-manual-for-physiological-studies-of-ric

1、books(JPEGImage,685x902pixels)-Scaled(91%)=e1w_7XJNlWIC&pg=PP1&img=1&z...1of19/30/20091:09PMLaboratoryManualforPhysiologicalStudiesofRiceSHOUlCHlYOSHIDADOUGLASA.FORNOJAMESH.COCKKWANCHAIA.GOMEZTHIRDEDITIONTHEINTERNATIONALRICERESEARCHINSTITUTE1976LOSBAÑOS,LAGUNA,PHILIPPINESMAILADDRESSP.O.BOX933MANILA,PHILIPPINESFOREWORDThismanualisprimarilyintendedforstudentsofcropphysiobgyandagronomy.Theproceduresgiveninthetextofthismanualareparticularlysuitedforroutinechemicalanalysisandphysiologicalstudiesofth。

2、ericeplant.Considerableattentionisgiventotechnicalmattersinvolvedintheseprocedures.Theequipmentsectionofeachchapterlistsonlyspecialitemsneededfortheproceduresdiscussed.Ordinarylaboratoryequipmentisnotlisted.ShouichiYoshidaDouglasA.FornoJamesH.CockKwanchaiA.GomezCONTENTSChapter1Chapter2Chapter3Chapter4Chapter5Chapter6Chapter7Chapter8Chapter9Chapter10Chapter11Chapter12Chapter13Chapter14Chapter15Chapter16Chapter17Chapter18Samplingandsamplepreparation..............................7Generaldirectionsf。

3、orchemicalanalysisofricetissues....................................................12Analysisfortotalnitrogen(organicnitrogen)inplanttissues................................................14Proceduresforroutineanalysisofphosphorus,iron,manganese,aluminum,andcrudesilicainplanttissue................................................17AnEDTAmethodforroutinedeterminationofcalciumandmagnesiuminplanttissueandsoilsolution....................................................23Proceduresforroutineanalysisof。

4、zinc,copper,manganese,calcium,magnesium,potassium,andsodiumbyatomicabsorptionspectrophotometryandflamephotometry..........................................27Dithizonetestforheavymetalsinsolution.....................35Analysisofboroninplanttissueandwater.....................38Determinationofchlorineinplanttissue......................41Determinationofchlorophyllinplanttissue....................43Determinationofsugarandstarchinplanttissue..............46Determinationoftotal14Cinplanttissue..........。

5、...........50Determinationof14C-labelledsugarinplanttissue.............53Determinationof14C-labelledstarchinplanttissue............56Assimilationof14CO2byintactplantsinthefield..............58Thesafranin-phenolmethodfordetectionofsilici-fiedcellsinricetissues.....................................60Routineproceduresforgrowingriceplantsincul-turesolution................................................61Measurementoflightintensityandlighttrans-missionratio............................................。

6、..61Chapter19Chapter20Chapter21Chapter22Chapter23Appendix1Appendix2Appendix3Appendix4Measurementofleafarea.leafareaindex.andleafthickness...............................................Measurementofleafangle(leafopenness).....................Measurementofgrainyields.................................Measurementofyieldcomponents............................Identificationofunfertilizedgrains...........................Abbreviationsusedinthismanualandtheirmeanings........................................。

7、...........Alistofchemicalsuppliers..................................Alistofequipmentsuppliers.................................Alistofisotopesuppliers....................................697374757879808183CHAPTER1.Samplingandsamplepreparation.EquipmentTimeofsamplingWhatplantparttoanalyzeScissors,paperbags,markingpen,dryingoven,weighingscales,grindingmillwithasieveof1mmscreensize.Whentosampledependslargelyonwhatyouarestudying.Whenyouwanttodiagnosenutritionaldisorders,takethesamplewhentheplantsares。

8、howingsymptomsofthedisorder.Forexample,symptomsofirontoxicityandzincandphosphorusdeficiencyareusuallyseen3to4weeksaftertransplanting(TanakaandYoshida1970).Achemicalanalysisoftheplantsatthisstageisveryhelpfulfordiagnosingthesedisorders.Ifyouarestudyingnutrientuptake,takethesamplesatdifferentstagesofgrowth:attransplantingtime,whentheseedlingshaverecoveredfromtrans-planting,duringthevigoroustilleringstage,atpanicleinitiation,duringstemelongation,atflowering,atthemilkyanddoughstages,andatmaturity(Is。

9、hizuka1964).Whenyouarestudyingthetotalnutrientuptakebyacrop,takethewholeplantsamplesatmaturity.Samplingatthistimesometimesunderestimatesthenutrientuptakebecausesomeoftheolderleavesmayhavefallenoffandbecauserainmayhaveleachednutrientssuchasnitrogenandpotassiumfromtheleavesbeforematurity(TanakaandNavasero1964).Toanalyzethelevelofsomeconstituentinthericeplant,usethewholeplant,theleafblade,ortheY-leaf(themostrecentlymaturedleafblade)asthesam-ple.Thesepartshavebeenwidelystudied(TanakaandYoshida1970,M。

10、ikkelsen1970)andthecriticalcontentsfordeficiency,sufficiency,ortoxicityhavebeenestablishedsothatyoucanusethemasstandardsforcomparingyourresults(seeTable1).Whenyousampleatearlystagesofgrowth,takethewholeplant.Rememberthatsuchcriticalcontentsmayvaryaccordingtothecriteriabywhichthedisordersaredefined,growthstagesoftheplant,varieties,climaticconditions,etc.Sousethecriticallevelslistedinthefollowingtablewithcare.Rememberalsothatpercentcontentisanintensityfactorwhiletota。