分子生物学习题题库

第一部分名词解释1Abundance(mRNA丰度)2AbundantmRNA(高丰度mRNA)3Acceptorsplicingsite(受体剪切位点)4Acentricfragment(无着丝粒片段)5Activesite(活性位点)6Allele(等位基因)在7Allelicexclusion(等位基因排斥)8Allostericcontrol(别构调控)9Alu-equivalentfamily(Alu相当序列基因)10Alufamily(Alu家族)11α-Amanitin(鹅膏覃碱)12Ambercodon(琥珀密码子)13Ambermutation(琥珀突变)14Ambersuppressors(琥珀抑制子)15Aminoacyl-tRNA(氨酰-tRNA)16Aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetases(氨酰-tRNA合成酶)17Amphipathicstructure(两亲结构)18Anchoragedependence(贴壁依赖)19Aneuploid(非整倍体)20Annealing(退火)21Anterograde(顺式转运)22Antibody(抗体)23Anticodingstrand(反编码链)24Antigen(抗原)25Antiparallel(反式平行)26Antiterminationprotein(抗终止蛋白质)27APendonucleases(AP核酸内切酶)28Apoptosis(细胞凋亡)29Archeae(古细菌)30Attsites(Att位点)31Attenuation(衰减)32Attenuator(衰减子)33Autogenouscontrol(自体调控)34Autonomouscontrollingelement(自主控制元件)35Autoradiography(放射性子显影)36Autosomes(常染色体)37BlymphocytesorBcell(B淋巴细胞或B细胞)38Backcross(回交)39Backmutation(回复突变)40Bacteriophage(细菌噬菌体)41Normalchromosomes(常染色体)42Basepair(碱基对)43Bidirectinalreplication(双向复制)44Bivalent(二价染色体)45Blastoderm(囊胚层)46Blockedreadingframe(闭锁读框)47Blunt-endligation(平端连接)48Branchmigration(分支迁移)49Breakageandreunion(断裂与重连)50Buoyantdensity(漂浮密度)51Cgene(C基因)52Cvalue(C值)53CAATbox(CAAT盒)54Cap(帽)55Capsid(衣壳)56Caspases57cDNA58cDNAclone(cDNA克隆)59Cellcycle(细胞周期)60Cellhybrid(细胞杂交)61Centrioles(中心粒)62Centromere(着丝粒)63Centrosomes(中心体)64Chaperone(分子伴侣)65Chemicalcomplexity(化学复杂度)66Chisequemce(Chi序列)67Chistructure(Chi结构)68Chiasma(交叉)69Chromatids(染色单体)70Chromatin(染色质)71Chromatinremodeling(染色体重建)72Chromocenter(染色中心)73Chromomeres(染色粒)74Chromosome(染色体)75Chromosomewalking(染色体步移)76cis-actinglocus(顺式作用位点)77cis-actingprotein(顺式作用蛋白质)78cisconfiguration(顺势构型)79cis/transassays(顺/反测验)80Ciston(顺反子)81Classswitching(类别转换)82Clone(克隆)83Cloningvector(克隆载体)84Closedreadingframe(关闭读框)85Coconversion(共转变)86Codingstrand(编码链)87Codominantalleles(共显性等位基因)88Codon(密码子)89Coevolution(共进化)90CognatetRNAs(同功tRNA)91Coincidentalevolution(重合进化)92Cointegratestructure(共合结构)93Cold-sensitive(冷敏)94Colonhybridization(菌落杂交)95Compatibilitygroup(相容组)96Complementation(互补)97Complementationassay(互补测验)98Complementationgroup(互补群)99Complexlocus(复合基因座)100Complexity(复杂度)101Compositetransposons(复合转座子)102Concatemer(多联体DNA)103(Con)catenatedcircle(多联环)104Concertedevolution(协同进化)105Condensationreaction(缩合反应)106Conditionallethalmutations(条件致死突变)107Conjugation(接合)108Consensussequemce(共有序列)109Conservativerecombination(保守重组)110Conservativetransposition(保守转座)111Constantregions(恒定区)112Constitutivegenes(结构基因)113Constitutiveheterochromatin(组成型异染色质)114Constitutivemutations(组成型突变)115Contractilering(收缩环)116Controllingelements(控制元件)117Coordinateregulation(协同调控)118Cordycepin(蛹虫草菌素)119CoreDNA(核心DNA)120Coreparticle(核心颗粒)121Corepressor(共阻碍物)122Cosmid(粘粒)123Cot(浓度时间常数)124Cot1/2(半变Cot值)125Cotransfection(共转染)126Crossing-over(交换)127Crossoverfixtion(交换固定)128Cruciform(十字架)129Crypticsatellite(隐蔽卫星)130ctDNA131cAMP132Cyclins(细胞周期蛋白质)133Cytokinesis(胞质分裂)134Cytologicalhybridization(细胞学杂交)135Cytoplasm(细胞质)136Cytoplasmicinheritance(胞质遗传)137Cytoplasmicproteinsynthesis(胞质蛋白质合成)138Cytoskeleton(细胞骨架)139Cytosol(胞质溶胶)140Dloop(D环)141Degeneracy(简并性)142Deletion(缺失)143DenaturationofDNAorRNA(DNA或RNA变性)144Denaturationofprotein(蛋白质变性)145Depressedstate(抑制状态)146Dicentricchromosome(双着丝粒染色体)147Diploid(二倍体)148Directrepeat(同向重复)149Discontinuousreplication(不连续复制)150Disjuction(间断分布)151Divergence(差异百分率)152Divergenttranscription(异向转录)153dnamutant(dna突变)154DNAase(DNA酶)155DNAaseIhypersensitive(DNA酶I超敏位点)156DNA-drivenhybridization(DNA驱动杂交)157DNApoymerase(DNA聚合酶)158DNAreplicase(DNA复制酶)159Domainofachromasome(染色体结构域)160Domainofaprotein(蛋白质结构域)161Dominantallele(显性等位基因)162Donorsplicingsite(供体剪接位点)163Dosagecompensation(剂量补偿效应)164Downpromotermutation(启动子下降突变)165Dowmstream(下游)166Earlydevelopment(早期发育)167Ectopicexpression(异位表达)168Elongationfactors(延伸因子)169Endlabeling(末端标记)170End-productinhibition(终产物抑制)171Endocyticvesicle(内吞膜泡)172Endocytosis(内吞作用)173Endonucleases(内切核酸酶)174Endoplasmicreticulum(内质网)175Enhancer(增强子)176Enelopes(包膜)177Episomechange(后天改变)178Episome(附加体)179Epistasis(上位性)180Essentialgene(必须基因)181Establishedcelllines(确立细胞株)182Eubacteria(真细菌)183Euchromatin(常染色体)184Evolutionaryclock(进化钟)185Excision(切除)186Excision-repair(切除修复)187Exocytosis(外排)188Exon(外显子)189Exonucleases(核酸外切酶)190Expressionvector(表达载体)191Extranucleargenes(核外基因)192Ffactor(F因子)193F1generation(F1代)194Facultativeheterochromatin(兼并性异染色质)195Fastcomponent(快速变性区)196Filterhybridization(滤膜杂交)197FingerprintofDNA(DNA指纹图谱)198Fingerprintofprotein(蛋白质指纹图谱)199Forwardmutations(正向突变)200Frameshiftmutations(移码突变)201Gbanding(G分带)202Gamete(配子)203GapinDNA(DNA裂隙)204Gene/ciston(基因/顺反子)205Genecluster(基因簇)206Geneconversion(基因转换)207Genedosage(基因剂量)208Genefamily(基因家族)209Geneticcode(遗传密码)210Geneticmarker(遗传标记)211GenomicDNAclone(基因组DNA克隆)212Genotype(基因型)213Golgiapparatus(高尔基体)214Gprotein(G蛋白质)215Gratuitous(安慰诱导物)216GT-ACrule(GT-AG规则)217Gyrase(螺旋酶)218Hairpin(发夹)219Haploid(单倍体)220Helpervirus(辅助病毒)221Hemizygote(半合体)222Heterochromatin(异染色质)223Heteroduplex(hybrid)DNA(异源双链DNA)224Heterogeneousnuclear(hn)RNA(不均一核RNA)225Heteromultimericproteins(异源多聚体蛋白质