分析化学doc

Chapter2ErrorsandtheStatisticalTreatmentofAnalyticalDatatruevalue真值mean,average平均值absoluteerror绝对误差relativeerror相对误差averagedeviation平均偏差standarddeviation标准偏差accuracy准确度precision精密度systematicerror系统误差randomerror随机误差methoderror方法误差instrumentalerror仪器误差reagenterror试剂误差personalerror人为误差comparisondetermination对照试验blankdetermination空白试验instrumentcalibration仪器校正normaldistribution正态分布confidenceInterval置信区间confidencelevel置信度significantfigure有效数字measurement，determination测定calibration校准testtube试管burette滴定管volumentricflask容量瓶pipet移液管graduated标有刻度的measuringcylinder量筒desiccator干燥器scale，balance天平Chapter3TitrimetricAnalysistitrimetricanalysis滴定分析titrant滴定剂reparation制备standardsolution标准溶液standardization标定stoichiometricpoint(equiralencepoint)化学计量点(等当点)primarystandard基准物质titer滴定度concentration浓度Stoichiometricrelation化学计量关系analyte被测物massfraction质量分数milliliter毫升molarmass摩尔质量indicator指示剂reagent试剂endpoint滴定终点endpointerror终点误差volume体积mass质量calculate计算formula分子式atomic原子的purify提纯curve曲线excess过量reaction化学反应acid酸base碱approximation近似值acid-basetitrations酸碱滴定法complexationtitrations配位滴定法redoxtitrations氧化还原滴定法precipitationtitrations沉淀滴定法directtitration直接滴定法backtitration返滴定法displacementtitration置换滴定法indirecttitration间接滴定法Chapter4TitrationsBasedonAcid-BaseReactionsproton质子solvent溶剂conjugateacid/basepair共轭酸碱对Compound化合物cation阳离子anion阴离子amphiprotic两性的equilibrium,平衡autoprotolysis质子自递作用ion-productconstant离子积component成分，组成成分distributioncurve分布曲线distributioncoefficient分布系数monoproticacid一元酸diproticacid二元酸polyproticacid多元酸coexistence共存predominant主要的，占优势的hydrogenion氢离子hydroxidion氢氧根离子protoncondition质子条件referencelevel参考水平MBE=material/massbalanceequation物料平衡方程CBE=chargebalanceequation电荷平衡方程PBE=protonbalanceequation质子平衡方程buffersolution缓冲溶液buffercapacity缓冲能力dilution稀释ratio比率dissociate离解dissolve溶解titrationjump滴定突跃residual剩余的，残留的intermediate中间产物，过渡的magnitude大小，量值diminish减少intensifytheweakacids弱酸强化non-aqueoustitration非水滴定stepwisetitration分步滴定neutralization中和反应distillation蒸馏precipitation沉淀interfereion干扰离子supersaturated过饱和的eliminate消除de-ionizedwater去离子水convert转化content含量ammonia氨nitrousacid亚硝酸nitricacid硝酸sulfuricacid硫酸sulfurousacid亚硫酸phosphoricacid磷酸perchloricacid高氯酸hydrochloricacid盐酸aceticacid乙酸，醋酸methanal甲醛sodiumtetra-boratedecahydrate硼砂potassiumhydrogenphthalate邻苯二甲酸氢钾PP=phenolphthalein酚酞MO=methylorange甲基橙MR=methylred甲基红neutralred中性红thymolblue百里酚蓝cresolred甲酚红mixedindicator混合指示剂Chapter5TitrationsBasedonComplexationReactionscomplexingagent配位剂chelant螯合剂ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid乙二胺四乙酸chelate螯合物sidereaction副反应stability稳定性ion离子electronpair成对电子coordination配位ligand配位体unidentateligand单基配位体multidentateligand多基配位体complex配合bond化学键covalent共价键coordinationnumber配位数inorganic无机的acideffectcoefficient酸效应complexingeffect配位效应conditionalformationconstant条件稳定系数hydrolysis水解maskingagent掩蔽剂minimumpermissiblepH允许最低pH值metallochromicIndicator金属显色指示剂blockingofindicator指示剂的封闭ossificationofindicator指示剂的僵化organicsolvent有机溶剂cyanideCN-fluorideF-citricacid柠檬酸tartaricacid酒石酸triethanolamine三乙醇胺Chapter6TitrationsBasedonRedoxReactionsreactant反应物oxidizingagent,oxidant氧化剂pretreatment预处理reducingagent;ductant还原剂potassiumpermanganatetitrationKMnO4滴定法potassiumdichromatetitrationK2Cr2O7滴定法iodometricmethod(iodine/thiosulfatetitration)碘量法reactionmechanism反应机理ionicstrength离子强度conditionalelectrodepotential(formalpotential)条件电极电位activity活度sidereaction副反应solubilityproduct溶度积conditionalequilibriumconstant条件平衡常数rateoftitration反应速度decompose分解catalyst催化剂autocatalysis自动催化作用symmetrical对称的reducedform还原形（态）oxidizedform氧化形（态）self-indicator自身指示剂specificindicator专属指示剂starch淀粉oxidationstate氧化态filtration过滤dilution稀释volatility挥发性microorganism微生物sodiumdiphenylaminesulfonate二苯胺磺酸钠sodiumbismuthateNaBiO3ammoniumpersulfate(NH4)2S2O8hydrogenperoxideH2O2perchloricacidHClO4sodiumoxalateNa2C2O4ceriumsulfateCe(SO4)2potassiumbromateKBO3phenol苯酚Chapter7GravimetryandPrecipitationitrimetrydissolve溶解precipitatingagent沉淀剂filter过滤ignite灼烧constantweight恒重solubility溶解度precipitate沉淀precipitation沉淀作用activity-productconstantoractivity-productKapsolubility-productconstantorsolubility-productKspcommonioneffect同离子效应salteffect盐效应acideffect酸效应complexingeffect配位效应coprecipitation共沉淀surfaceadsorption表面吸附mixed-crystalformation生成混晶occlusion吸留和包藏electricdoublelayer双电层postprecipitation后沉淀crystallineprecipitate晶形沉淀amorphousprecipitate无定形沉淀（非晶形沉淀）homogeneousprecipitation均相沉淀chemicalfactor化学因数（换算因数）