初中英语习题讲解语法讲解一本通

第1页阳虎教育资料初中基础语法知识姓名________一、名词1、可数名词和不可数名词怎样来表示数量？哪些名词既可数又不可数名词？(6个单词)基数词+可数名词复数或用many,afew,alotof/lotsof/plentyof,some,any+可数名词复数：eightoranges,manystudents,lotsoftomatoes,someboys(注意区别some_____某个男孩),anymatches(注意区别any_____任何比赛),sixboxesofbooks基数词+量词(piece,kind,box,bottle,cup,glass,bag…)+不可数名词或用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof/plentyof,some,any+不可数名词：twopiecesofpaper,threeboxesoforange,fortybagsofrice,fivecupsoftea,muchwater,somedrink,anyadvice_____(工作，作品、工厂),_____(橙汁，桔子),_____(时间，次数、倍数),______(鸡肉，小鸡),______(纸，试卷、报纸),______(玻璃，玻璃杯),_______(空间，房间)2、可数名词复数如何变？○1规则(1)、一般情况加____：pen→______,doctor→______(2)、以___，____，___，____，结尾的词加____：bus→_____，class→_____，box→______，fox→______，watch→______，brush→_____,wish→_____(3)、以辅音母加___结尾的词变“____”为“____”再加_____：city→_____,factory→_____,country→_____,family→_____,baby→______,story→_____,party→______,century→_______,worry→______(4)、以元音字母加___结尾的名词的复数形式只加___：boy→_____,day→_____,key→____,way→_____,toy→______(5)、以____结尾的词多数都加____：hero→_____，potato→_______，tomato→_______(6)、词末有两个元音字母的词和外来词只加____：zoo→______，radio→_____，photo→_______，piano→______(7)以___或_____结尾的词，多数变____为____再加____：knife→______，leaf→______,half→______,thief→_______,wife→______(注意：roof(屋顶)→roofs；scarf→_______/________)。○2不规则(7个单词)man→_____，woman→_______，tooth→_____，foot→______，goose→______，child→_______，mouse→______,policeman→_________,policewoman→_________,Englishman→________○3单数形式而只能表示复数(2个单词)________人,_________警察○4单复数形式相同(5个单词)________中国人，_______日本人，_____绵羊，_____鹿，_____鱼，_____方式○5复数形式只能是单数(3个单词)______新闻,_____数学,_______物理,______瀑布,___________美国○6一般只有复数无单数(4个单词)_______(裤子),______眼镜,_______衣服,______(货物),_______(筷子)○7复合词的复数如何变(1)主名词为复数：bananatree→__________,daughterinlaw→_________,(儿媳)，boystudent→__________，girlfriend→__________，shoefactory→___________(2)如是man或woman作定语时，同时变复数：mandriver→________(男司机)womandoctor→_________(女大夫)(3)sport一般用复数作定语：sportsbag→_________,sportsshoe→________○8人名复数的用法及意思是什么？The+人名表示_______TheGreens=_______family谓语用____3、名词所有格的加法及用法(1)单数后___：a________(学生)room,my_______(母亲)father(2)以___结尾的复数在__后加__：______(双胞胎)rooms,_______(教师)Day(注意：以___结尾的单数名词加____，如是姓氏(名字)时，则可以直接加___或加__：an_______(女演员)experience,a_______(女服务员)job，______(James)sister或______sister，______(Jones)books或______books)(3)特殊名词复数加____：_______(儿童)Day,________(妇女)Day,_______(鼠)hair(4)由and连接的表示共同拥有加______为所有格：___________(玛丽和约翰)father,_________(NickandTim)bedroom（注意：分别拥有则_____加所有格：____________(JimandMike)mothers,_____________(JackandLucy)chairs）(5)在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用____(此结构可以用连字号表示，此时所有格只能第2页用单数)：atwenty_______(分钟)walk=a__________walk，ten______(英里)journey=________journey(旅行)，a_______(船)length(长度)，two_______weight=two-poundweight(两磅重),ten_______worth=ten-dollarworth(值10美元)。4、双重所有格的组成是什么？（1）a(two…)+名词______(_____)+_____+名词_____（_____物主代词）=one(two…)____+名词_____（_____物主代词）+名词_____：我父亲的一个朋友a_____of____________=oneofmy_____________,我照片中的一张aphotoof_____=oneof_____________（2）the+名词+____+名词=(the)+名词______+名词：the______(猫)name=thename____the____,the_____(狗)legs=thelegs_____the_____,_____(中国)population=thepopulation__________,China’scapital=thecapitalofChina二、数词1、写出1-110和2048，8563的基数词和序数词，基数与序数如何转换______/______=1st_____/______=2nd______/______=3rd_____/______=4th_____/_____=5th_____/_____=6th______/______=7th_____/______=8th______/_____=9th____/______=10th______/_______=11th______/_______=12th______/_______=13th________/_________=14th_______/________=15th_______/_______=16th________/_______=17th________/________=18th_______/_________=19th________/_______=20th_________/_________=21st_________/__________=22nd________/_________=23rd_________/___________=24th_________/_________25th…________/__________=29th_________/________=30th…_______/_______=40th…______/_______=50th…______/_______=60th…_______/_______=70th…________/________=80th…_______/_______=90th…_______/_______=91st…________/_______=99th_____________/_____________=100th______________/_________________=101st_______________/___________________=102nd…_______________/_______________=110th____________________________/_________________________=__________________________________________/___________________________________=__________注意：序数词前一般用_____表示“第几”：____ninthgirl第九的一个女孩,____eighteenthdesk第十八的一张桌子；但也可用___或_____表示“再、又”，相当于another或基数词+more：___ninthgirl=_____ninegirls=nine_____girls再要九个女孩基数与序数如何转换：名词+基数(每词首字母大写=the+序数+名词(每词的首字母小写)第8单元:___________=the___________5路公交车:___________5=the_____5______2、准确数与概数；钟点；时间长度距离名词等的表达法和用法基数词+________(百)/________(千)________/__________(百万)+名词____，some/many/few/several(无基数词)________(百)/________(千)________/__________(百万)+______+名词______点+分（＜30）=分+_____/_____+点：在5:20at___________=at____________five,点+分（＞30）=60-分+_____+点+1：在4:40atfour_______=at___________five译：9:28____________,_________________11:45______________,____________________基数+名词___+形容词相当于名词=基数-名词___-形容词复数：twelve_____(岁)old=twelve-_____-_____，而基数+名词_______+形容词相当于形容词作定语=基数-名词____-形容词：atwelve_____(岁)oldboy=atwelve-_____-_____boy3、分数如何表示，作主语时谓语如何确定？组成：_____(＞one)+______(有的加上连字符号)，谓语根据所修饰的____的数来确定谓语的数：3/4___________=_