初中英语被动语态讲解

1初中英语被动语态讲解一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，句中人称、数和时态是通过be来表现出来的。常见的几种时态的被动语态如下（以动词do为例）：时态主动语态被动语态例句一般现在时态主+V.am/is/are+done肯定句：Bikesaresoldinthatshop.否定句：Bikesarenotsoldinthatshop.疑问句：Arebikessoldinthatshop?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.一般过去时态主+V.过was/were+done肯定句：Chinawasliberatedin1949.否定句：Chinawasnotliberatedin1949.疑问句：WasChinaliberatedin1949?Yes,itwas./No,itwasn't.一般将来时态Will+v.原willbe+done肯：AnEnglishclasswillbegivenbyJacktomorrow.否：AnEnglishclasswillnotbegivenbyJacktomorrow.疑：WillanEnglishclassbegivenbyJacktomorrow?Yes,itwill./No.itwon't.现在完成时态Have/has+V.过分have/hasbeen+done肯定句：Aroadhasbeenbuiltbythegovernment.否定句：Aroadhasn'tbeenbuiltbythegovernment.疑问句：Hasaroadbeenbuiltbythegovernment?Yes,ithas./No,ithasn't.现在进行时态am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeing+done肯：Acarisbeingdrivennow.否：Acarisnotbeingdrivennow.疑：Isacarbeingdrivennow?Yes,itis./No,itisn't.含有情态动词情态动词+v.原情态动词+be+done肯：Treescanbeplantedatthefootofthehill.否：Treescannotbeplantedatthefootofthehill疑：Cantreesbeplantedatthefootofthehill?Yes,theycan./No,theycan't.2三、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswere_____（steal）lastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：Thewindowwas___________（break）byMike.窗户是迈克打破的。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法主动：主语+及物动词+宾语被动：主语++by宾语Eg:Everybodylovesmusic.Musicislovedbyeverybody.Eg:Mikebrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.五、注意1.英语中有很多动词常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。如：happen,takeplace,breakout,comeout,cometrue,have(有），take(花费),cost,fit,belongto等2.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel,smell等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable3在need，want，require,等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。(need/want/require+V-ing=need/want/require+tobedone)例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。4．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。be(well)worthdoing=beworthytobedone例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）5.主动：make/see/watch/hear/feelsb.dosth.被动：sb.bemade/seen/watched/heard/felttodosth.Eg;Isawhimentertheroom.→Hewasseentoentertheroom.6.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。Eg:Shetakesgoodcareofthebaby.→Thebabyistakengoodcareofbyher.7.带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语时，动词后要用介词to/for.Eg:Hegavemesomemoney.→Iwasgivensomemoneybyhim.→Somemoneywasgiventomebyhim.被动语态练习（）1.Basketball_____afterschooltwiceaweek.A.isplayedB.willbeplayedC.wasplayed（）2.Alift______togoupanddowneveryday.A.isusedB.areusedC.beused（）3.Shoes____intheshoplastyear.A.wassoldB.issoldC.weresoldbe+V.过分3（）4.Inthisgametheirhands__________.A.notbeseenB.benotseenC.can’tbeseen（）5.Thesemooncakes___alreadybyMary.A.willbeeatenB.haven’tbeeneatenC.havebeeneaten（）6.He______tothehospitalinafewminutes.A.wastakenB.istakenC.willbetaken（）7.Mybirthdaycake_________yet.A.ismadeB.hasbeenmadeC.hasn’tbeenmade（）8.English_______inthisschoolsince1980.A.istaughtB.hasbeentaughtC.wastaught（）9.Theboy______byLingFeng.A.arelookedafterB.canbelookedafterC.werelookedafter（）10.Thesetreasures______sincemanyyearsago.A.havebeenkeptB.werekeptC.arekept（）11.Thegarden_______aweekago.A.istidiedB.hasbeentidiedC.wastidied（）12.Hewantedtoknowifthetickets__tohimtomorrowA.wouldbesentB.willbesentC.aresent（）13.Atthecrossing,apoliceman_____often_______.A.is...seenB.was...seenC.are...seen（）14.Sometimesthey_______playfootball.A.areseentoB.areseenC.willbeseento（）15.Alltheclothesintheshop_______.A.istriedonB.wastriedonC.canbetriedon（）16.Theworkersaidthathe___aladderatonce.A.needsB.neededC.wasneededD.isneeded（）17.Adoctor_______forbyherlastmonth.A.sendB.weresentC.wassentD.sent（）18.Thedoctor______Edison’smother.A.wassavedB.hasbeensavedC.savedD.havesaved（）19.Somuchmetal___intosmallpieceshereeveryday.A.werecutB.arecutC.iscutD.cut（）20.---WhereisJim’stelephonenumber?---It______ontheblackboardalready.A.writesB.wroteC.iswrittenD.hasbeenwritten()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused2()1Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft4()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished3()1Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't4()1-Myshoesarewo