天然气液化工业的发展和上海LNG站的液化工艺

LNG,(,200021):,LNG,LNG:;;:(1964),,,,,(LNG)LNG,(4000km,400km);,LNGLNG;,,,LNG,LNG,(LNG),LNG,LNG,LNG1,,,,,;,,,,,()(),LNGLNG1910,,,,,,1914(Cabot),1917,,LNGLNG,(USBureauofMines)(LindeCorporation)(Texas)(Fortworth),22,(Amarillo)1937,(Egerton),,LNG,197660701940,(Cornwell),(HopeNaturalGasCorporation),8000m3LNGödLNG50m3,28000m3(Cascade)1914,(EastOhioGasCompany)(Cleveland),92©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.11.3m3LNGöd,3LNG6800m3,425m31944LNG,1947(Dal2las),12.7m3öd,LNG460m32050,(GulfCoast),(Chicago)LNG,LNG,LNGLNG(ConstockInternationMethameLtd),1957(BritishGasCouncil),LNG,10%,(BritishMethaneLtd),5100t2100tLNG,LNG(Mathane,Pioneer)19591281959220,,(Lousinana)LNG(ThawesEstuary)(CanveyIsland)LNGLNGLNGLNG2LNG2.1:0.751.5MPaG;:CO25010-6;H2S410-6;H2O110-6:174m3LNGöd(10m3öd):120m3LNGöh(6.9m3öh):2m3LNG(1200m3)2.213(0.751.5MPaG),5MPa,CO2H2SH2O,LNG,LNG,1032002©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.23LNG(BOG),LNG,BOGBOG,,LNGLNGDCS,SCADA2.32.3.1;,()2.3.2,5300Nm3öh,5.27MPa,2.3.3CO2H2S,MEAMEA,13©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.():(RNH2MEA,RCH2CH2OH)2RNH2+H2S(RNH3)2S(RNH3)2S+H2S2(RNH3)2HS2RNH2+CO2+H2O(RNH3)2CO3(RNH3)2CO3+CO2+H2O2RNH3HCO32RNH2+CO2RNHCOONH3R,(2043C)();(105C)(),MEA,MEA15%20%:2043C;5.17MPa;117C0.075MPa;CO25010-6;H2S410-6,,(),,,,5MPa0.4MPa,ö,,,,(),ö5.17MPa,,,(10%),,,2.3.4,,110-6,,,250C2.0MPa,,,,2.42.4.11917(Cabot),,,LNG12%,5.5%LNG,,,,,,(CammelLNGplant),,,,,232002©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,15%20%,10%20%(Auto2re2frigeratedcascadecycle)(GazDeFrance),(MixedComponentRefrigerant,MCR),(sofregaz)2.4.2(,N1N18)MCR(43C,4.8MPa)N1,-18.6C,N8N11(-156C,4.48MPa),N17,-161.9C,0.1159MPa)LNGMCR()N2;29.28C,0.294MPa,106C,0.73MPa60C,,77C,1.71MPa43C,MCRMCR42.988C1.86MPaN3-20C,1.6MPaN9,,-23.58C,0.326MPaN10MCRMCR34.149C,1.605MPa,N5,16C,1.408MPaN6,MCR,(6.103C,1.765MPa)MCRMCR(5.5C,1.368MPa)77C,4.66MPa43C,N4-20C,4.4065MPaN7(MCR)N12,-120C,4.3MPaN14,-122.95C,0.3422MPaN16,(MCR)N13,-157.9C,4.37MPa,N16,-162.8C,0.342MPaN18,MCR,N2,,MCRMCRMCR,,MCR,,,MCR,2.52.5.1,LNG,LNG,LNGAPI620(AmericaPetroleumInstitute’sstandard620)LNG0.01MPa(),LNG0.4MPa(),0.01MPa()LNG,,LNG(BoilofGas,BOG)LNG0.05%,BOG,LNG33©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,LNG,LNG,LNG20kt,,20000m333.5m,26m-1.523kPaG9%,,BOGLNG,BOGBOGBOGBOG,,BOG;,,(,BOG,)BOG,800Nm3öh,-140C,0.81.6MPaG2,,(LNGLNG)22BOG,BOG,BOG2.5.2,LNGLNGLNG,LNG2,LNG5,48.2124m3LNGöhLNG,LNGLNG,LNG:()(),,,LNGLNG,LNG,5C,0.81.5MPapH69,5010-6,pHpH5.5,10%,pH9,,(THT),20mgöm3THTTHT,THT,3(1),LNG,LNG(2)20004LNG,(),,(3),LNG,;,(4)LNG,LNG,432002©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.