我国北方地区农业生态系统水分运行及区域分异规律研究的内涵和研究

18320036ADVANCEINEARTHSCIENCESVol.18No.3Jun.,2003:100128166(2003)0320440207X(,100101):,,,,,,;4090;,,,3m:;;:S181:A0,,,,,(SPAC),,,,(),,(),,,,,X:2002209209;:200320120613:(:49890330)1:(19382),,,,1E2mail:[e-mail]©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,,,,(SPAC),,,,SPAC,,1,,,:;;;,();1.1(SPAC),,,,[1],,,,(1)1Fig.1Watercycleprocessinagro2ecosystem1,2,(SPAC);1.2,SPAC(),SPAC(,),[2]1.31443:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.(),,,SPAC,:();();(CO2,);,:(),,(,,)1.4,,,,,,,,,,,,;,(),;,,GIS,2,,3,(1)(),,,,,,400kg,12.0kg/(mmhm2),,,,,250300mm,,,[3]1Table1ThecropwaterconsumptionandwateruseefficiencyofdifferentecosystemtyperegionsinnorthChinaET(mm)407.7484.5417.1342.3466323.9445.6432.6427.2366.2497.4437.0390.0359550361.1464.6R(mm)227.5524.9535.5353266376210.7162.4110.9198.4405.64002020.0106.6173180264.4Y(kg/hm2)47709195.02565.02250.06375.07515.06017.08760.06375.04669.511219.02559.04920.04155.07095.04983.05034.0WUE(kg/(mmhm2))11.7019.056.156.6013.6523.02513.5020.2513.5012.7523.405.8512.6011.5512.9013.8010.80:ET;R;Y;WUE24418©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.(2),,,,:Y=A+BX1+CX2+DX21+EX1X2+FX22ET=a+bX1+cX2,Y(kg/hm2),ET(mm),X1,X2,ABCDEFabc,,,[4,5](3)Crops()CropsCO2,CropsCO2,,Feeds,Shattleworth-wallace,CO2,[6,7](2)(4)Crops2Crops()Fig.2ThebasicframeofCropsmodel(theshadeswillbedevelopedpart),(Ball2Woodrow-Berry),,,(SPAC),CO2,Crops,[8,9](5),(CWSI),3443:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,[10]CWSI,CWSI:CWSI=00.2CWSI=0.20.4CWSI0.4(6),CO2,NDAA2AVHRR2000,,,,,,,40[11](7),2021961199540,Penman,5,:,,,,,,2:,,,,4.3m/s5.7m/s,(),,15,,:,19761980;19611965,;19961970;90(8)31961199540Fig.3Thedistributionoftheannualaveragepotentialevaporationfor40yearsfrom1961to1995innorthChina,,,:,,,,,10m,,,,,,,44418©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.[12],,510m,,,,,,[13,14][15],,,,,,(3m),,,,,,40%60%,13.7mm,12.3mm;60%80%,6.6mm,6.0mm,460%,,,,,2(1),(2),,,,,,,,(References):[1]PhilipJR.Plantwaterrelations:Somephysicalaspects[J].AnnualReviewofPlantPhysiology,1966,17:2452268.[2]TangDengyin.Someconsiderationsontheexperimentofwaterbalance[A].In:TangDengyin,XieXianqun,eds.ExperimentalStudiesonWaterandEnergyBalanceinAgriculturalLands[C].Beijing:ChinaMeteorologicalPress,1996113217.[3]XieXianqun.Astudyonwatercycleinagro2ecosystemandrelation2shipbetweencropsandwater[J].ChineseJournalofEco2Agriculture,2001,9(1):9212.[.[J].,2001,9(1):9212.][4]LiuWenzhao,SuMin,XuXuanbin,etal.Cropwaterproductionfunctionunderdynamicoptimalmanagementoffertilizersupply[J].ChineseJournalofEco2Agriculture,2001,9(1):37239.[,,,.[J].,2001,9(1):37239.][5]LiuWZ,HunsakerDJ,LiYS,etal.Interrelationsofyield,evapo2transpiration,andwateruseefficiencyfrommarginalanalysisofwaterproductionfunctions[J].AgriculturalWaterManagement,2002,56:1432151.[6]LuoYi,YuQiang,OuyangZhu,etal.AnintegratedmodelforwaterheatCO2fluxandphotosynthesisinSPACsystemI:Establishmentofmodel[J].JournalofHydraulicEngineering,2001,2:90296.[,,,.SPACCO2(I)[J].,2001,2:90296.][7]HanYongde,LuoYi,YuQiang,etal.Green2Atmptmodelofnon2u2niformlayeredsoilprofile[J].ChineseJournalofEco2Agruculture,2001,9(1):31233.[,,,.Green2Ampt[J].,2001,9(1):31233.][8]YuQiang,GoudriaanJ,WangTianduo.Modelingdiurnalcoursesofphotosynthesisandtranspirationofleavesonthebasisofstomatalandnon2stomatalresponses,includingphotoinhibition[J].Photosythetica,2001,39(1):43251.[9]YuQiang,LiuYunfen,LiuJiandong,etal.Simulationofleafphoto2synthesisofwinterwheatonTibetanplateauandinnorthChinaplain[J].EcologicalModeling,2002,155:2052216.[10]YuanGuofu,TangDengyin,LuoYi,etal.Advancesincanopytem2perature2basedcropwaterstressresearch[J].AdvanceinEarthSci2ences,2000,16(1):49254.[,,,.[J].,2000,16(1):49254.][11]ZhangRenhua,SunXiaomin,LiuJiyuan,etal.Determinationofregionaldistributionofcroptranspirationandsoilwateruseefficiencyusingquantitativeremotesensingdatathroughinversion[J].ScienceinChina(D),2000,31(11):9592969.[,,,.[J].(D),2001,31(11):9592969.][12]LiYushan1Fluctuationofyieldonhigh2yieldfieldanddesiccationof5443:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.thesoilondryland[J].ActaPedologiaSinaca,2001,38(3):3532356.[.[J].,2001,38(3):3532356.][13]LiYushan.EffectsofforestonwatercircleontheLoessPlateau[J].JournalofNaturalResources,2001,16(5):4272432.[.[J].,2001,16(5):4272432.][14]HuangMingbin,KangShaozhong,LiYushan.EvaluationofmoistureenvironmentofsmallwatershedingullyregionofLoessPlateau[J].ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,1999,10(4):4112414.[,,.[J].,1999,10(4):4112414.][15]HuangMingbin,KangShaozhong,LiYushan.Acomparisonofhy2drologicalbehaviorsofforestandgrasslandwatershedsingullyregionoftheLoessPlateau[J].JournalofNaturalResources,1999,14(3):2262231.[,,.[J].,1999,14(3):2262231.]CONNOTATIONANDSOMEADVANCESOFTHERESEARCHONTHEWATERMOVEMENTANDITSREGIONALCHANGREGULARINAGRO2ECOSYSTEMOFNORTHCHINAXIEXian2qun(InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China)Abstract:Theauthordiscussestheconnotationand