我国农村生活能源中SO2、

27320085GEOGRAPHICALRESEARCHVol127,No13May,2008:2007207226;:2008203217:(40571009);:(19652),,,1E2mail:yujp@igsnrr1ac1cn3:(19492),,,E2mail:wangwy@igsnrr1ac1cnSO2NOXTSP1,1,2,1,3(11,100101;21,100039):2004,SO2NOXTSP,,:SO2530,NOX72,TSP390SO2TSP,;,SO2,NOX,TSP;:;;SO2;NOX;TSP:100020585(2008)03205472091[1],,,80%[24],,,,2004,315,1979,40%[2],,,,,,2090,,,2000,,,,,,,©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,,221120042005[2],,(),(),,,;,NOXSO2TSP90%212(),1(g/kg)Tab11Emissionfactorsinliterature(g/kg)SO2NOXTSPSmith01530170183Smith--3182USEPA01410187-WorldBank0122015411445116-NISTEP01322114-IPCCandAardenne-312-NISTEP01351103-DOE/EIA0124418-VonHippelandHayes/-1194-/-01432157-TurnSQandChowJC01452116-AndreaeMO1127111-StreetsandWaldhoff0163--StreetsandWaldhoff-1129-Kato-1188-ZhangJ--113AIT--71310143AIT--61459196--1154411--2165416--11684102--417318Bond,TC--6Bond,TC--715:-©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[5],[6][727],g/kg,11USEPADOE/EIATurnSQ(),,,(1999,75%),WorldBankAndreaeMO,,,NISTEP,;VonHippelHayes,IPCC2(g/kg)Tab12Emissionfactors(g/kg)SO2NOXTSP0153112971501630176-1188113,,,,22SO2,,SO2[28],,SO2SO2[29]:f=TSR(1):TSO2,210;S;R,3SO2Tab13AveragesulfurcontentofcoalineachprovinceinChinaandemissionfactorsofSO2(%)(10-2)(%)(10-2)1176315211763152115931181176315211593118117631521159311811763152019411881111212201941188117631521111212211763152111121221176315211593118111121221159311801941188115931180194118811763152115931181176315201941188115931180194118811763152:[29][30];©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(012%8%)[30],[30,31],,33SO2,(1)213NOXSO2TSP,33112004[2],()6:(50%),;(50%),;1Fig11ThemainenergyconsumptionstructureinruralareasofChina(50%),;(30%50%,20%),;(30%50%,20%),;(325%40%),61312SO2NOXTSP,2004,2004SO2530,NOX72,TSP390SO21979,20%[2]SO2TSP(SO220042315%)[32],NOXSO2TSP(2),SO2NOXTSP©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1)2004SO2530,NOX72,TSP390SO2,TSP,NOX,,SO261114,TSP45173,NOX7194(2)2004NOX,TSP,SO2(3),,,SO2,TSPSO2NOXTSP,,,SO2NOXTSPSO2NOXTSP,,,;,,,,,,:[1]11(),2003,8(4):3533571[2],120041:,20051[3]11,2006,25(1):171[4]11,1982,1(1):20301[5]ZhangJF(Jim),MorawskaL1Combustionsourcesofparticles:21Emissionfactorsandmeasurementmethods1Chemosphere,2002,49:105910741[6],,,1SO2NOx1,200223(2):2042081[7]SmithKR.Airpollutionassessingtotalexposureindevelopingcountries.Environment,1988,30:16251[8]SmithKR,PenniseDM,KhummongkolP.GreenhouseGasesfromSmall2scaleCombustionDevicesinDevelo2pingCountries.EPA2600/R2992109.Washington,D.C.:USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,1999.[9]KirkSmith.HealthBurdenFromIndoorAirPollutioninChina.2005.6.[10]USEPAProjectStaff.InventoryofUSgreenhousegasemissionsandsinks:19901993.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyReportNo.EPA2302R2942014.Washington,D.C.:1994.[11]MEIPProjectStaff.URBAIR:Bombayreport.MetropolitanEnvironmentalImprovementProgram.TheWorld©1994-2008ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:1996.[12]KatoN,OgawaY,KoikeT,SakamotoT,SakamotoS.Analysisofthestructureofenergyconsumptionandthedynamicsofemissionsofatmosphericspeciesrelatedtotheglobalenvironmentalchange(SOx,NOxandCO2)inAsia.NationalInstituteofScienceandTechnologyPolicy(NISTEP)ReportNo.21.Japan:ScienceandTechnol2ogyAgency,1991.[13]HoughtonJT.Revised1996IPCCguidelinesfornationalgreenhousegasinventories:referencemanu.Paris,France:IPCC/OECD,1997.[14]AardenneJA.AnthropogenicNOxemissionsinAsianintheperiod19902020.AtmosphericEnvironment,1999,33:633646.[15]DOE/EIAProjectStaff.Renewableenergyannual1995.USDepartmentofEnergy,EnergyInformationAdminis2trationReportDOE/EIA20603(95).Washington,D.C.:1995.[16]VonHippelPH.TheprospectsforenergyefficiencyimprovementsinthedemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKorea:evaluatingandexploringtheoptions.NautilusInstituteforSecurityandSustainableDevelopment.Berkeley:CA,1995.[17]..,1987,11:3335.[18]TurnSQ,ChowJC,ChowJC.Elementalcharacterizationofparticulatematteremittedfrombiomassburning:windtunnelderivedsourceprofilesforherbaceousandwoodfuels.JournalofGeophysicalResearch,1997,102:36833699.[19]AndreaeMO.Emissionoftracegasesandaerosolsfrombiomassburning.GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles,2001,15:49554966.[20]StreetsDG,WaldhoffST.BiofueluseinAsiaandacidifyingemissions.Energy,1