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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 2017中考英语各类从句及考点
复合句的概念:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。宾语从句一.概念:在句中起到宾语的作用。二.宾语从句在句中的位置:(1)作动词的宾语:例:Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.(2)作形容词的宾语例:IamafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.(3)作介词的宾语例:Oursuccessdependsonhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.三.常见考点分析:(一).连接词:1.引导陈述句用that(在口语或非正式文体中常常省略)。2.引导一般疑问句用if或whether。注意:下列几种情况通常使用whether:(1).在具有选择意义又有or或ornot时,尤其是直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether;例:Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomebackornot.(2).在介词之后用whether;例:Theyaretalkingaboutwhetherhewillwinthegame.Everythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus.3.引导特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词。(二).语序:尤其要注意,宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序:即主语一定在谓语前面。尤其要注意whether,if以及wh-(what,why…)疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序。例:ShewantstoknowwhetherIlikethefilm.Doyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer?(三).时态:1.主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中主语不受主句位于时态的影响。例:Shesaysthatshewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.ShesaysthatshhasneverbeentoBeijing.2.当主句谓语动词是过去时态时,从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态(如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时)例:Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.Hesaidhewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.3.主句谓语动词是过去时态,宾语从句叙述某一客观真理时,宾语从句用一般现在时。例:Shesaidthatherfatheristwenty-eightyearsolderthanher.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(四).否定转移:当宾语从句表示否定的意义时,若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/expect等时,应在主句上加以否定。例:Idon’tthinkyouareright.Idon’tbelievethathehasfinishedhiswork.(五).注意if或when引导的宾语从句和状语从句的不同。if/when引导宾语从句时,意思分别为“是否”和“何时”,此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if和when引导状语从句时,意思分别为“如果”和“当……的时候”,此时如果主句是一般将来时,从句部分则用一般现在时。例:Wearenotsureifitwillsnowtomorrow.Ifitsnows,wewon’tclimbtheSouthHill.状语从句一.概念和分类:用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。分类:时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句,条件状语从句,方式状语从句,让步状语从句和比较状语从句。(一).时间状语从句:引导时间状语从句的词有:when,as,while,after,before,since,assoonas,eversince,till,until,once,whenever,nosooner…than…,hardly…when…,themoment,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,directly,immediately,bythetime等1.When引导的状语从句和While引导的状语从句的区别:When既可以引导一个持续性动作也可以引导一个短暂性动作。While只能引导持续性动作。例:When引导的从句IwasthinwhenIwasachild.Thefilmhadbeenonwhenwearrived.While引导的从句MyMomwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.2.Before引导的时间状语从句(1)before引导的从句位于主句之前,一般翻译成在…之前。例:Beforetheygottothebusstop,thebushadgone.(2)before引导的从句位于主句之后,一般翻译成…(之后)才。如果在主句中用将来时,从句要用一般时替代将来时。例:ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.Hesaidthatitwouldbehalfayearbeforehecameback.3.Until引导的时间状语从句。(1)延续性动词+until表示直到…为止。例:YoumaystayhereuntiltherainstopsHewaiteduntilhisfriendscame.(2)终止性动词或者延续性动词的否定式+until表示直到…才例:Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhiswork.Theydidn’treachthevillageuntilitwasdark.(3)notuntil放在句时,主句要用倒装语序例:Notuntilhegraduateddidhesucceedinobtainingthecompound.(直到毕业他才成功获得这种化合物)4.表示一…就…的句型。Assoonas,once,immediately,themoment,这类从句中经常用一般时态替代将来时态(从句的时态)例:Iwilltellhimassoonashearrives.Onceyoustudyhard,you’llpasstheexam.Themomenthecomes,Iwillletyouknow.5.As的用法主要考点:(1)一边。。。一边。。。例:Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Tomsingsasheworks.(2)强调两个动作紧接着发生、例:Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.(二)地点状语从句由where,wherever引导。Where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别:引导定语从句时,从句前应该有一个表示地点的名词作先行词,而状语从句前则没有。例:1.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.(状语从句)2.Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.(定语从句)(三)原因状语从句引导词:because,since,as,nowthat(既然),consideringthat(考虑到)because表示直接原因,语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例:(1)------Whydidyoudoit?------IdiditbecauseIwantedtodoit.(2)SinceImustdieImustdoit.(3)Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.(四)目的状语从句引导词:sothat(为了,以便),so(以便),inorderthat(以便,这样…就),incase(以防)目的状语从句的谓语经常含有may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词。例:(1)Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)(2)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest(结果状语从句)(五)结果状语从句引导词:so(结果),sothat(结果),so…that…(如此…以至于),such…that(如此…以至于)注意so…that…与such…that…的区别So+adj/adv+that从句such+(a,an)名词+that从句例:(1)TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.(2)Sheissobeautifulagirlthatallofuslikeher.(3)Sheissuchagoodgirlthatshecanhelpyou.(六)条件状语从句两种情况:1.祈使句+and/or/orelse/otherwise引导的结果句。例:Hurryup,orelse/otherwiseyou’llbelate.Dothatatonce,orelseI’llmakeyoudoit.引导词:if,unless(除非,如果不),solongas(只要),ifonly(只要),providedthat或providing(that)(假如)1.条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。即:一般将来时,if/unless/…+一般现在时例:(1)Iwillgoifyougo.(2)Iwon’twaitforhimunlessheringsmetomorrow.2.if+否定句相当于not…unless+肯定句例:Youcan’tenterthehallifyouhavenoticket.Youcan’tenterthehallunlessyouhaveaticket.3.条件句中的虚拟与倒装,if引导的条件状语从句如果与事实不符,应该用虚拟语气(1)与现在事实相反,主句用将来时,从句用一般过去时,Be动词用复数形式例:IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdothat.(2)与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句谓语为wouldhavedone例:Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.(3)与将来事实相反,主句是shoulddo/woulddo,从句用一般过去时例:Ifitrainedtomorrow,weshouldstayathome.(七)让步状语从句引导词:通常有though,although,evenif,eventhough,whenever,whatever,however,wherever,whichever等等。1.Though和although:用法基本一样,前者口语化,后者书面化,常用于句首例:(1)Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.(2)AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.注意:它们不能和but连用:我们不能说:Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.应该说:Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.2.Nomatterwho=whoever,同理其他也是一样。(八)比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如:TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.三.定语从句(一).概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句。(二)定语从句的特点:1.先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词或代词2.关联词:1)引出定语从句,并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语,作宾语可省略。2)关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词
本文标题:2017中考英语各类从句及考点
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