低品位膨润土制备有机膨润土的实验研究

摘要-I-摘要:膨润土(Bentonite)是以蒙脱石(Montmorillonite)为主要成分的一类层状硅酸盐粘土矿物。利用膨润土的离子交换性，膨润土可以与有机季胺盐阳离子进行层间离子交换，达到改性目的。改性后，其吸附性能等理化性能得到明显改善，并在环境治理领域得到广泛关注。论文针对低品位膨润土开发应用研究比较薄弱的现状，针对其性能指标重点研究了该膨润土的钠化改型和有机插层的最佳工艺及条件。通过单因素实验，确定了膨润土钠化改型的较佳工艺条件：碳酸钠改型剂的用量为5%，钠化温度70℃，搅拌时间1.5h，矿浆浓度10%。钠化改型后膨润土的理化性能得到明显提高，膨胀容由原矿的8ml/g增大到77ml/g。通过正交实验法，确定了制备有机膨润土的工艺条件是：季铵盐的用量为膨润土重量的30%，反应温度95℃，体系的pH值为9，反应时间为1h。X射线衍射图谱分析表明d001值由原来的1.54nm变为2.001nm。关键词：膨润土；钠化改型；有机插层Abstract-II-Abstract:Bentoniteisaclaymineralwithexpandablelayerstructuresthatprimaryconstituentofmontmorillonite.Modificationofbentonitecanbepreparedbyexchangingthecationinterbeddedwithquatemaryammoniumcanons.Thephysicalandchemicalcapabilityofthemodifiedbentoniteimprovedobviously，adsorbhydrophobiccontaminantsafterthemodification.Andthemodifiedbentonitesareusedassothentstotreatvariouswastewaterandhavealotofapplicationsinenvironmentalprotection.ThebesttechnicconditionsofNa-modificationareascertainedviasinglefactorexperiment:selectingNa2CO3amount5%，sodiumtemperature70℃,tirringtime1.5handpulpdensity10%.Thephysicalandchemicalcapabilityenhancedevidently，aftertheNa-modification.Theexpansivecapacityarriveto77ml/gfromtheprimary8ml/g.Byorthogonalexperimentaldesigntodeterminethemostorganicbentonitepreparationconditionwas:30%oftheCTMAB,reactiontemperature95℃,pH9system,contactthereactiontimeis1h.X-raydiffractionanalysisshowedthatthed(001)of1.54nmfromtheoriginalvaluesinto2.001nm.KeyWord:Bentonite;Na-modification;Organ-Intercalation目录-III-目录摘要:............................................................................................................IAbstract:.......................................................................................................................II目录.............................................................................................................................III第一章引言................................................................................................................11.1膨润土概述......................................................................................................11.1.1膨润土的特点及用途..........................................................................11.1.2膨润土的工艺特性..............................................................................21.1.3有机膨润土的制备方法......................................................................31.2课题的目的和意义.........................................................................................41.3有机膨润土的国内外研究现状.....................................................................5第二章实验方法.......................................................................................................72.1实验原料.........................................................................................................72.2试剂与设备.....................................................................................................82.2.1主要试剂..............................................................................................82.2.2主要设备..............................................................................................82.3膨润土的提纯.................................................................................................82.4膨润土的钠化改型.......................................................................................102.4.1膨润土的钠化原理............................................................................102.4.2钠化实验.............................................................................................102.4.3膨胀容的测试方法.............................................................................112.5有机膨润土的制备.......................................................................................122.6产品的性能检测...........................................................................................132.6.1吸附性能检测.....................................................................................132.6.2X射线分析及红外光谱分析.............................................................13第三章结果和讨论.................................................................................................143.1膨润土提纯前后吸蓝量的变化...................................................................143.2影响钠化改型的因素...................................................................................143.2.1改型剂用量对钠化效果的影响........................................................143.2.2钠化温度对钠化效果的影响............................................................153.2.3钠化时间对钠化效果的影响............................................................15目录-IV-3.2.4矿浆浓度对钠化效果的影响............................................................163.3影响有机膨润土的制备因素.......................................................................173.4性能检测........................................................................................................193.4.1红外光谱分析....................................................................................193.4.2XRD光谱图的分析........................................................................20结论.................................................................