儿科学双语试卷答案-B卷

TypeⅠ:Singlechoice(1pointforeach,total40points).ABCDE1×2×3×4×5×6×7×8×9×10×11×12×13×14×15×16×17×18×19×20×21×22×23×24×25×26×27×28×29×30×31×32×33×34×35×36×37×38×39×40×TypeⅡ:Trueorfalse(1pointforeach,total10points).TrueFalseTrueFalse1×6×2×7×3×8×4×9×5×10×TypeⅢ:Fillinblanks(0.5pointforeach,total10points).ANSWERS1hypoxia,hypercapnia,toxinemia.2尽早使用、对病原菌敏感、容易透过血脑屏障、静脉给药3pneumonia,congestiveheartfailure，pulmonaryarteryhypertension4Frombirthto1-yearold.5Protein,CHO,Fat6osmoticdiarrhea7hepatocellularjaundice,pathologicphysicalsignofliverandabnormalliverfunction，infancy.8SerumlypaseTypeⅣ:Questionsandanswers(23points).ANSWERS1生理性黄疸：以下全部满足(1)生后2-5天出现(2)14天内消失(3)总胆红素水平:5mg/dl(85umol/L)-12mg/dl(205umol/L)(4)一般情况良好病理性黄疸：下列任一情况：(1)生后24h出现(2)持续时间过久足月儿2W(3)TB205umol/L(12.9mg/dl)或每天上升85umol/L(4)黄疸退而复现(5)DB34umol/L(2mg/dl)2这是PDA发生肺动脉高压时的重要体征。由于动脉导管主动脉端位于弓降部，当发生肺动脉高压时，肺动脉的静脉血通过PDA直接进入降主动脉，导致下肢青紫较上肢重，左侧肢体青紫较右侧重的现象，即差异性青紫。3Initiateage:4-6monthsofage；Stepwisefashion；Sequence:Cereals,Vegetables,Meats,Eggs；Onlyonenewfoodshouldbeintroducedatatime.4stage2lasts1~2weeks(1point)（1）MoreseriousTBtoxicsymptoms(1point)（2）Neurologcalsymptomsandsigns:A.MeningealIrritation:nuchalrigidity,KernigsignorBrudzinskisign(1point)B.Intracranialhypertension:(0.5point)severeheadache,irritation,projectilevomiting,seizures,etc.C.Alteredconsciousness:suchaslethargywithconscious(0.5point)D.Cranialneuropathies:Palsyofcranialnerve3,6,7,ect(0.5point)E.Minorfocalneurologicaldeficits:(0.5point)monoplegia,hemiplegia,aphasia；hemiparesis,andtetraparesisTypeⅤ:Casediscussion(17points)ANSWERS1第一诊断是:IDA.(1.0points)诊断是基于以下因素：年龄age,产重birthweight,早产prematurebirth,纯母乳喂养breastfeedingonly,小细胞低色素贫血microcytic/hypochromicanemi。(2.5points)进一步需要的实验室检查:SF,FEP,SI,TIBC,TS。(1points)主要治疗：口服铁剂Oraliron,输血Transfusion。(1points)宣教：提供含铁丰富的食物。(0.5points)2诊断(1)原发性肾病综合症；依据为_年龄2岁半、男性、_浮肿伴少尿、尿蛋白+++而RBC少、无高血压，肾功能正常。(2points)诊断(2)急性支气管炎；依据为发热、咳嗽、肺呼吸音粗、有粗湿罗音、无缺氧及紫绀。(2points)对第1诊断主要用皮质激素为主的综合性治疗。(1points)对第2诊断主要用抗生素（如青霉素、头孢类）治疗。(1points)3(1)Itismostlikelymeasles.(2分)(2)Thehistoriesneededtoknowarevaccinationformeasles(1分)andexposuretomeaslesrecently(1分).(3)TheKoplik’sspotsonbuccalmucosashouldbecheckedtoconfirmthediagnosis.(1分)