人教版八年级下册英语第四单元学案

人教版八年级下册英语第四单元学案一、学习目标：1)Importantwords:mad,anymore,message,suppose,hard-working2)Importantphrases:watchsoapoperas,besupposedtodo,firstofall,passon,sth.happenon…3)ImportantSentences①ShesaidshewasmadatMarcia.②ShesaidshewashavingapartyforLana.③Whathappenedon“YoungLives”lastnight?④Youaresupposedtomeetatthebusstoptoreturnit.4)Grammar:直接引语和间接引语二、重点难点：1.直接引语与间接引语之间的转化；2.区分bring/take；三、学习过程：Step1单元语法讲解：（直接引语和间接引语）(一)直接引语和间接引语的含义：引述别人的话时，一般采用两种形式：一是引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，称为直接引语；二是用自己的语言转述别人的话，称为间接引语。间接引语在句中实际上就是宾语从句。(二)直接引语变间接引语的方法：1.从句人称的变化：由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。1）直接引语的主语是第一人称时，变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。eg:①Theysaid,“Wewillgotherebybus”他们说“我们将乘公共汽车去那儿”。→Theysaidtheywouldgotherebybus.他们说他们将乘公共汽车去那儿。②Hesaid,“Iamvisitingmyauntnextweek.”→Hesaidthathewasvisitinghisauntnextweek.2）如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。eg:①Shesaidtome,“Areyouinterestedinscience?”她对我说：“你对自然科学感兴趣吗？”→Sheaskedmeif/whetherIwasinterestedinscience.她问我是否对自然科学感兴趣。②Hesaidtome,“Youarehard-working.”→HetoldmethatIwashard-working.3）如果直接引语的主语是第三人称时，变为间接引语时人称保持不变。eg:Hismothersaidtome,“Hecan’tgotoschool.”他的妈妈对我说：“他不能去上学”。→Hismothertoldmethathecouldn’tgotoschool.他妈妈告诉我他不能去上学了。2.从句时态的变化：1）如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，直接引语变间接引语时，从局的时态保持不变。eg:Hesays,“Iamvisitingmyauntnextweek.”他说：“我下周要去看望我的姑姑”。→Hesaysthatheisvisitinghisauntnextweek.2）如果主句的时态为一般过去时，从句的时态要做相应的变化。①一般现在时改为一般过去时；②现在进行时改为过去进行时；③一般将来时改为过去将来时。注意：如果直接引语为客观真理、客观事实、自然现象时，变为间接引语时，时态不做变化。eg:Theteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound”.老师告诉我们：“光传播的速度要比声音传播的速度要快”。→TheteachertoldusthatLighttravelsfasterthansound.3.句型的变化：1）如果直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时要用that来引导，that可省略。eg:Hesaid,“IlikewatchingTV.”他说：“我喜欢看电视”。→HesaidthathelikedwatchingTV.2）如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，需用if或whether来引导，且用陈述句语序。eg:Heaskedme,“Willyoubuytheredcoat?”他问我：“你要买那件红外套吗？”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwouldbuytheredcoat.3）如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，引导词就是特殊疑问词，且用陈述句语序。eg:Sheaskedme,“Whereareyoufrom?”她问：“你从哪里来的？”→SheaskedmewhereIwasfrom.4）如果直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词变为不定如：tell(ask,order,…)sb.(not)todosth.eg:“Openthedoor.”Theteachersaidtome.→Theteachertoldmetoopenthedoor.“Don’topenthedoor.”Theteachersaidtome.→Theteachertoldmenottoopenthedoor.语法针对性练习：（）1.Shesaidshe______sorryforbeinglate.A.isB.wasC.wereD.are（）2.Iaskedher______.A.whydoesshewanttocopymyhomework.B.whydidshewanttocopymyhomework.C.whyshewantstocopymyhomework.D.whyshewantedtocopymyhomework.（）3.Myfathertoldmetheearth______round.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.wouldbe（）4.Sheaskedme______shecouldusemymobilephone.A.thatB.forC.weatherD.if（）5.Hetoldus______hewouldbuyanewcar.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.ifStep2Learnthenewwords预习导学：1.madadj.①生气的；气愤的构成结构：bemadatsb.=_________意为“生某人的气”eg:我妈妈很生我的气，因为我没有完成家庭作业。Mymotheris____________mebecauseIdidn’tfinishmyhomework.②疯狂的；着迷的相当于crazy,构成短语：bemadtodosth.eg:你开车这么快，一定是疯了。Youmustbemad____________sofast.2.not…anymore不再；再也不eg:我将再也不是你最好的朋友了。I_____beyourbestfriend______.他不再住这儿了。He____livehere______.3.firstofall首先=__________4.messagecn.消息；信息；口信拓展：给某人捎口信________给某人留口信_______发短信_________5.passon传递试译：传递给某人某物__________________________=passonsth.tosb.eg:请把钢笔传递给Tom.____________________________________这是Tom的钢笔，请传给他。____________________________6.supposev.假定；认为；期望短语：besupposedtodosth.=shoulddosth.译作：__________benotsupposedtodosth.=shouldn’tdosth.译作：__________eg:你应该认真听讲。You____________________carefully.你不应该上课迟到。You___________________lateforclass.7.hard-workingadj.勤勉的；努力工作的eg:他是一个努力工作的人。Heisa_________person.你很努力。Youare_________.预习自测:根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词或短语：1.Heleftam______onyourtable.2.Don’t______(生气)her.Sheisstilltooyoung.3.Theyboth______(传递)theirsticksatthesametime.4.He______(归还)myMP3tomeyesterday.5.Theywill______(举办一个惊喜的晚会)forTom.Step3课文重点知识讲解：1.Youaresupposedtomeetatthebusstopthismorningtoreturnit.精讲：returnv.①“归还”相当于giveback短语：换给某人某物returnsb.sth.=___________________=givesth.backtosb.eg:请把伞还给我。_____________________________________②returntosomeplace“返回某地”相当come/gobacktosomeplace.eg:他就要回上海了。Hewill____________Shanghai.2.LanatoldMarciashewouldbringsomebookstoherhouse.区别：bring/take①bring“拿来，带来”指从别处把物或人带到或拿到说话者所在的位置。②take“拿走，带走”表示把人或物拿开或带离说话者所在的位置。③takewith“随身携带”eg:明天不要忘了把你的作业带到学校里来。Don’tforget____________yourhomeworktoschooltomorrow.请把这些书带给Tom。Please______thesebookstoTom.出门时不要忘了带把伞。Don’tforget____________anumbrella,whenyougoout.【当堂达标】(一)单项选择（）1.Canyou______somemusicCDstotheparty?A.takeB.bringC.carryD.borrow（）2.She______she______apartyforhersisterthenextday.A.says;werehavingB.said;hadC.says;hadD.said;washaving（）3.Theaccidentshappened______acoldwintermorning.A.inB.onC.atD.of（）4.Wearesupposed______therebeforeseven.Sowemusthurryup.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.nottoget(二)将下面的句子变成间接引语1.Mymothersaid：“Iamgoingtomakedumplings”.2.Shesaid：“Idohomeworkeveryday.”3.Hesaid：“Iwillplaybasketballthisnight.”Step3课后反思我的收获是________________________________________________我的不足是___________________________________________________我努力的方向是_________________________________________________SectionB一、学习目标：1)Vocabulary:dowellin,ingoodhealth,nervous,envelop,true,disappointing,lucky2)ImportantSentences:1.Ihopethatgrandmaiswellnow.2.IhadareallyhardtimewithsciencethissemesterandIwasn’tsu