主题句的位置及其扩展范例

英语主题句的位置及其扩展范例广东省教育研究院黄自成主题句：为一个完整的句子，用以概括、叙述和说明该段的主题。主题句一般位于段首，也可置于段尾或段中。无论是中文还是英语抑或其他语言，我们知道写文章势必要有一个中心思想，而每个段落只能有一个主题（centralidea），它用一个句子加以表达，就是主题句。几个主题句的精彩写作不仅会让文章条理分明，更能够很好的诠释文章主题思想，可谓是文章的架构灵魂，所以，写好主题句对一篇文章的好坏有着至关重要的作用。写好主题句的方法1、主题句要概括一定内容，不要空泛，否则扩展句将难以说明和支持它，例如：空泛：Englishlanguageisveryimportant.概括：Englishlanguageisveryimportantinourdailylife.空泛：TheOlympicGamesareexciting.概括：IntheOlympicGamesthefootballteamsfrommanycountriescompeteintensely.2、尽量使用简单句或简洁明了的句子，例如：：简洁：Collectingstampsisherhobby.复杂:Shelikescollectingstampswhichisherhobby.简洁:IenjoyedwatchingGonewiththewindverymuch.复杂：GonewiththewindwasagoodfilmwhichIenjoyedwatchingverymuch.写好主题句的方法3、主题句应该做到句子完整和表达的主题思想完整：不完整：Howtowriteacomposition.完整：Howtowriteacompositionisnotaneasythingtotalkabout.不完整：Iftheweatherhadbeenfine.完整：Ifithadbeenfine,wewouldhavehadagoodtime.写好主题句的方法4、关键词是直接表达主题的词汇，它决定段落的内容和展开的方法，引导整个段落的发展，例如：Thereareseveralwaystoboilthewater.Thetaskcanbefinishedinthreesteps.ThereisanewmethodtoreducethecostSmokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?正三角形写作法：即中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式。Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance倒三角形写作法：即主题句出现在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。Whenwewatchapersonwalkawayfromus,hisimageshrinksinsize.Butsinceweknowthatheisnotshrinking,wemakeanunconsciouscorrectingand“see”himasretaininghistruestature.Pastexperiencetellsuswhathistruestatureiswithrespecttoourown.Anysaneanddependableexpectationofthefuturerequiresthathehasthesamestaturewhenwenextencounterhim.Ourperceptionisthusaprediction;itembracesthepastandthefutureaswellasthepresent.倒三角形写作法：即主题句出现在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。Goodmannersareimportantinallcountries,butwaysofexpressinggoodmannersaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.Americanseatwithknivesandforks;Japaneseeatwithchopsticks.Americanssay“Hi”whentheymeet;Japanesebow.ManyAmericanmenopendoorsforwomen;Japanesemendonot.Onthesurface,itappearsthatgoodmannersinAmericaarenotgoodmannersinJapan,andinawaythisistrue.Butinanycountry,theonlymannersthatareimportantarethoseinvolvingoneperson’sbehaviortowardanotherperson.Inallcountriesitisgoodmannerstobehaveconsideratelytowardothersandbadmannersnotto.Itisonlythewayofbehavingpolitelythatdiffersfromcountrytocountry.圆形写作法：即首尾呼应的写作方法。突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。Shortlyafterthewarended,LincolnwasshotwhileattendingaplayinaWashingtontheater.Hediedwithinafewhours.Theuncontrolledemotionalreactionofthenationtohisdeathwasalmostunbelievableanddemonstratedthedeepesteeminwhichhewasheld.Newspaperswereedgedwithblack;religiousleadersgavepraiseofLincolninsteadoftheirpreparedsermons.HisfuneralprocessioninWashingtonwasmileslong.Lincoln’sbodywastakenbytrainbacktohisformerhomeinSpringField,Illinois,butinallthemajorcitiesthroughwhichthetrainpassed,thecoffinwasparadedthroughstreetslinedwithsorrowfulthousands.Inthesmalltownsthroughwhichthetrainpassed,bellsranginhonorofthedeadPresident.Citizenslittorchesalongtherailroadtracktoshowtheirlastrespects.菱形写作法：即主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytells?A.HowpeoplestayhealthyB.WhysleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.Whenpeopleremembertheirdreams菱形写作法：即主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。In2099youwillsleeplaterbecauseyourjobwillstartlaterinthemorning.Besides,machineswilldomostofyourroutineworkforyou.Also,youwilltraveltoworkonamovingsidewalk.Furthermore,youwilltalktofriendsonapicturephone.Finally,youwilltakelongervacationsinmoredistantplacessincetransportationwillbesomuchfasterandcheaper.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellsus?A.In2099youwillgotoworklaterinthemorning.B.In2099machineswilldomostofyourwork.C.In2099yourlifewillbequitedifferent.D.In2099fastertransportationwillmaketravelingeasier.正方形写作法：即中心主题句隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句。在这种情况下，读者要把所有的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryear