高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

阅读理解解题技巧之猜测词义泉港二中庄赞琼阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工处理能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解正确率。因此，多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。福建高考考试说明里阅读理解的要求:•(1)理解文章主旨要义•(2)理解文中具体信息•(3)根据上下文推断生词的词义•(4)作出简单判断和推测•(5)理解文章的基本结构•(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度主旨大意型事实细节型词义猜测型命题类阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:推理判断型意图观点型篇章结构型正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查语境的分析和把握能力。因此，在考试中要求考生能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，运用阅读策略，克服生词障碍，在有限的时间内快速获取和处理语篇中的信息，准确猜测词义。高考常见提问方式：1.Thephrase“…”couldbereplacedby______.2.Theword“…”intheparagraphrefersto_____.3.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“…”?5.“…”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas______.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.(v.不同意)Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.（adj.易碎的）Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.(adj.大的)3.Definition释义法1.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Content上下文推断法5.WordFormation构词法词义猜测61.Theunderlinedphrase“popup”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“____”.A.developrapidlyB.getroundquicklyC.appearimmediatelyD.gooverautomatically….…indicatorswouldpopupshowingyouthenearestcoffeeshopordirectionscouldbeplottedoutandcomeintoviewrightonthesidewalkinfrontofyou.（13福建）1.相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。Stubbornly,wewaitforsomeoneelsetoreachouttous—believingthisistheonlywaywecanforgiveorrekindleafriendshiporfamilyrelationship.(15福建省质检)67.Theunderlinedword“rekindle”inParagraphmeans______.A.recoverB.developC.acceptD.replace2.对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等。66.Theunderlinedword“novice”inthepassageprobablymeans“________.（14福建质检）A.professionalcyclistB.inexperiencedriderC.eventorganizerD.healthyindividual·Groupatmosphereprovideschallengetostrongcyclistsandsupportandconfidencetothenovice.Soybeancanbemadeintomanyfoods.However,it’shardtotracethem.Therefore,it’sveryimportantwehavetomakesurethesoybean,ifgeneticallymodified,isfreefromanypoisonousmatterharmfultohumanbeings.（15福建质检）73.Theunderlinedphrase“tracethem”probablymeans______.A.findtheirmarketB.findtheirqualityC.findtheiroriginsD.enjoytheirtaste3.释义法：一般通过定义、解释、举例、标点符号等来确定词义。常见词有：mean,bedefinedas,thatis（tosay),becalled,inotherwords等。通过举例说明含义，常见词有：forexample,forinstance,suchas,such,like,include,consistof等Withthecommunicationgadgets,suchasmobilephonesandipads,peopleoftendonottaketheefforttovisitoneanotherpersonally.(14江西)71.Theword“gadget”isclosetinmeaningto_______.A.toolsB.messagesC.barriersD.skills“Gettingthecoldshoulder”meansthatsomeoneisactuallyinawaythatmakesyoufeelunwanted.Theverywordscreateapicture:Youcanimagineafriendturningawaysothat,insteadofawarmgreeting,youreceiveonlyhisshoulder–a“cold”shoulder.Theexpression“gettingthecoldshoulder”means____.A.beingtreatedrudelybypayingnoattentiontoyouB.greetingyoufriendlyC.greetingyoubyrubbingshoulderswithyouD.feedingyoucoldmeat4.上下文推断法：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。Theyweretheinthinganditseemedeverygirlexceptmehadone.（13福建）56.Theunderlinedword“in”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans“_____”.A.fashionableB.availableC.practicalD.renewableMyfathervisitedanO.HenryexpertatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,whoauthenticatedthestoryasO.Henry’s.Myfatherthensetouttosellit.(14陕西)51.Theunderlinedword“authenticated”inParagraph2probablymeans______.A.namedB.treatedC.provedD.described5.WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)homelessdisappear(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建)Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(消失)(发错音)(向东)Butchildexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraisecanleadtotheoppositeeffects.Praise-aholickidswhoexpectitateveryturnmaybecometeenswhoseekthesamekindofapprovalfromtheirfriendswhenaskediftheywanttothebackofthecar.（08福建）61.Theunderlinedword“praise-aholic”kidsrefertokidswhoare_______.A.tiredofbeingpraisedB.worthyofbeingpraisedC.veryproudofbeingpraisedD.veryfondofbeingpraisedPassage1MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”?A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickPassage2Theresearchersfoundthatwhenthedogswereshowntheirowners—apositiveexperience,theirtailswaggedtotherightside.Whentheywereshownanunfamiliarhuman,theywaggedtotherightside,butwithlessenthusiam.Theappearanceofacatagaincausearight-handsidewag,althoughwithlessintensityagain.(07福建)72.Theunderlinedword“intensity”means______.A.surpriseB.worryC.excitementD.interestPassage3Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemeltingoftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctic.(09福建)73.Theunderlinedphrase“tippi