人教版必修一短文改错讲义

1[复习讲义]短文改错专题NMET短文改错的解题基本思路应该是：一．以句为单位，找行中错误，每行必有一个判断（错词、多词、少词和正确），而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。二．以篇为单位，找句中错误。许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确，错误何在，而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句，进而对该行作出判断。具体解题过程中，应该注意把握九个一致问题：一．时态一致短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文，特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致。例1．Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourfootballteam.(NMET’98)全文都是一般现在时，此句中was虽然与上下问不一致，应改为am。例2．Irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.(NMET’2000)此处为一描述过去事件的语境，应与前文remembered保持一致，须改为calmed。例3．Today,itismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast.(NMET’93)第一个is与时间状语today保持一致，地第二个is则应改为was,使之与其时间状语inthepast一致。二．主谓一致谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。例4．Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.(NMET’2000)主语为AandB时，谓语动词一般为复数，应改为are。例5．Thenewboyorgirlinschoolquicklybecomeoneoftheclassafterafewgames.(NMET’93)主语为AorB时，应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数，become应改为becomes.例6．Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrong…(NMET’98)此处与例4，例5不同，谓语动词makes与上下文保持一致，为正确的用法，而play须改Playing才可与此处其它部分一致。三．平行一致notonly…butalso…,either…or…,neither…nor…以及and,but,or等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。在平行结构中，词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。2例7．Playingfootballnotonlymakes…butalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.(NMET’98)依据平行一致原则，此处give应与前文makes保持一致，改为gives.例8．Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.(NMET’96)此句中的drove应与前文tomeet保持平行，故改为drive。四．数的一致名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致例9．Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,Chinese…(NMET’97)quiteafew只修饰复数名词，保持一致,subject应改为subjects.例10．They…askedmelotsofquestion.(NMET’96)与lotsof保持一致的只能是复数名词，应改为questions.五．主饰一致句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。除了例9，例10外，还有例11．…sothatI’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.(NMET2001)all若修饰可数名词时，其后名词应为复数。subject该为subjects。例12．Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess.(NMET2000)all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上，故schoolmate应为schoolmates.例13．Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeople…(NMET’99)Unfortunate应作状语，修饰整个句子，此时应为副词unfortunately才可保持一致。例14．I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.(NMET’95)修饰名词，应为awonderfultime.六．指代一致用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性上与上下文保持一致。例15．TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.(NEMT’96)TheSmiths为一复数概念，故指代词也应为第三人称复数their.3例16．IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.(NMET’97)此处应为作主语的关系代词which.例17．AndIcan’tforgetthefoodyoucookedforI.(NMET’95)此处I应作介词的宾语，故改为me才可保持一致。七．语态一致句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。例18．Booksmaybekeepforfourweeks.(NEMT’94)与其主语Books相对应，此处应为被动语态，故keep应改为kept。八．搭配一致句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。例19．IfeltsonervousasIshooklikealeaf.(NMET’2000)后跟从句，保持一致须用so…that结构这一固定搭配。as改为that.例20．Ilookforwardtohearfromyousoon.(NMET’97)lookforwardto中to是介词，其后应为动名词hearing。例21．Butitdidn’tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.(NMET’2000)与其后ornot保持一致时应用whether。例22．Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters---inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.(NMET2001)inanyotherwords意为“换言之”，应为inotherwords。九．逻辑一致这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，及相对应的动词如come与go等。例23．Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme.(NMET’2000)上下文看，应为She---myEnglishteacher微笑且点头鼓励我，but应为and。例24．Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.(NMET’99)从上文可知，因为无电视可看，人人都只好读书，someone改为everyone或4everybody.例25．Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.(NMET’98)通读全文，都是用第一人称，这时突然用到they,显然不一致，应改为we.5[实战演练一]⑴MostfamiliesinChinahopedtheirsinglechildrenwill76．_______haveahappyfuture,sotheyareverystrictintheirchildren.77．_______Sodoteachersinschools!Manychildrenaregivensomuch78．_______homeworkthattheyhavehardlyanysparetimehavesports.79．_______Thechildrenareforbiddentodoanythingbuttostudy.No80．_______wondersomanychildrenaretiredoflessons.Someeven81．_______attackorkillhisparentsandteachers!Ibelievemanypeople82．_______alreadyreadthiskindofnewsinnewspapersormagazines.83．_______Shouldn’twedrawlessonfromtheaccidents?Nowour84．_______governmentismakingoutaplantosolvetheeducationproblems.85．_______⑵Nowadays,almosteveryfamilyhasTVset,andalmost76．_______everyonelikeswatchingTV.TVhasbecomepartofourlives.77．_______TVhasmanyadvantages,forexample,itinformsusthe78．_______latestnewswhichishappeningintheworld;itcanopenour79．_______eyes,enlargeourknowledgeandalsohelpustoseemore80．_______abouttheworlD．But,italsohassomedisadvantages.People81．______wastetoomuchtimeinwatchingTVandhisnormallife82．_______andworkareaffecteD．Tothechildrenwhotheyspendtoo83．_______muchtimeinwatchingTV,itcandoharmfultotheirsight84．_______andhealthy.SoweshouldcontrolthetimeofwatchingTV.685．_______⑶AfewmonthsafterreturningtheUSfromGermany,Itook76._______partinacollegecourseinFrench.SinceIhavelearned77._______tosayGermanwellinGermany,Ithoughtitmightbe78.______interestedtobeginstudyinganotherlanguage.Atthe79._______firstclass,theteacheraskedustodoapronunciation80._______exerciseinithewouldsayawordortwoinFrench,and81._______eachstudentwoulddotheirbesttocopy.Whenhegotto82._______me,hekepthavingmetosaymorewords,andI83.______finallyaskedhimwhy.“Ifinditgreatfun,”sheexplained84._______it.“In25yearsofteachingatschool,it’sthefirsttime85._______I’veheardanAmericanspeakFrenchwithaGermanaccent.”⑷TheHuaiheRiverhasbeenseriouspolluted.Dayandnigh76._______millionsoftonsofwastewaterisbeingpoureddowntofrom77._______hundredsoffactories.Thewastewaterisharmful.Atpresent78._______thereisnofishinit.Theriverwatercannotbedrunk.Peoplein79._______eitherbankhavetodigwellstotakedrinkingwater.TheHuaihe80._______Riverissu