黄河流域农业水资源与水环境问题及技术对策

2007,16(1):[e-mail]2002DIB500912510106070561966Tel:[phone]E-mail:[e-mail]2006-06-291.100082.100083.300191TV213.4A1672-2175200701-0248-051760m370%[1]9740a40a5.8×1010m33×1010m33.3×1010m31972199827a21a5a1050d50d19932131997226d704km90%[2-5][3]5.8×1010m32.0×1010m31.0×1010m33.7×1010m31.1×1010m34.8×1010m32010203020505.2×1010m35.9×1010m36.4×1010m31980194994208080199878249[2-3]80%[6-13]“”2002DIB5009920014.135×109t2.956×109t1.179×109t71.5%28.5%20017497km2380km31.7%5117km68.3%2670km35.6%4827km64.4%2212km29.5%5285km70.5%809090604851mg/L20013613km1772km49.0%1841km51.0%3884km608km15.7%3276km84.3%200131.7%68.3%1994-200310a10a1219984,3.02.81994-200310a10a1210a10a53%CODMn1a2575%CODCr1994200310a10a1220034,,10a10a1210a10a1220032(1.070)(1.000)25016120071501.36×109t2.13×109t5060[14][15]40a(NH4+-NNO2--NNO3--N)836000hm222%50660870128014902050701500km2802100km2903460km22.674×106km2“”--[14]304030400.54060200.60.7[3]1234567251“”[3]()2538411.631.982.326GDP4()[16]RSGIS1520a[17]25216120071[1].[R].2005:44-50.SHAOXiaomei.StudyontheRegionalCharacteristicsofkeyproblemsofwater-savingagricultureintheYellowRiverBasin[M].ThePostdoctoralReportofChineseAcademyofAgriculturalScience,2005:44-50.[2].[J].2001215396-400.WANGGuoqin,WANGYunzhang,SHIZhonghai,etal.AnalysisonWaterResourcesVariationTendencyintheYellowRiver[J].ScientiaGeographicaSinica,2001215396-400.[3],,[M].:2001.LIYingneng,DUANAiwang,WUJingshe.PlantandWaterUse[M].ChongqingPress,2001.[4].[M].:,1998.CHENJiwei.YellowRiverestuaryandwaterresourcesdevelopment[M].Zhengzhou:YellowRiverConservancyPress,1998.[5].2090[J].2002,2439-11.WANGYuming,ZHANGXuecheng,WANGYu.AnalysisofChangesinNaturalRunoffintheYellowRiverBasinin1990s[J].YellowRiver,2002,2439-11.[6].[J].200049-11.HUANGZhanbing,SHANLun.TheeountermeasurestoagriculturalwaterenvironmentchangeinaridAreasofNorthernChina[J].EcologicalEconomy,200049-11.[7].[J].2005,21(2):39-42.ZHANGWeiliZHAOHuijun.InvestigationofwaterenvironmentsituationintheYellowRiverBasinofShanxiProvince[J].JournalofNorthwestHydroelectricPower,2005,21(2):39-42.[8].[J].2004261026-27.LIXianglong,PENGBo,GUOZheng,etal.TheanalysisofwaterpollutiontrendinYellowRiver[J].YellowRiver,2004,261026-27.[9].[J].200527338-39.CAIChengguo,YAODangsheng.ThewaterinvironementandsustainablewaterresourcesuseofYellowRiver[J].YellowRiver,200527338-39.[10].[J].20042145-48.FENGJinpeng,WUHongtao,ZHAOFan.Arecollectionandprospectofthewaterpollution[J].South-to-NorthWaterTransfersandWaterScienceTechnology,20042145-48.FENGJianmin,WANGTao,XIEChangwei.LanddesertificationintheSourceRegionoftheYellowRiver:NortheastQinghai—XizangPlateau[J].EcologyandEnvironment2004,13(4):601-604.[12].[J].199626-8.KONGXiangchun,CHENLuping.Thewaterenvironmentandprotection[J].YellowRiver,199626-8.[13].[J].2005124-26.CHENGLiming.ChangeanalysisofwaterenvironmentinYellowRivercatchmentAndstrategyResearch[J].ShanxiHydrotechnics,2005124-26.[14].[J].200123213-17.HEWen,FANGZhe,YANGJurui,etal.Studyonsoilandwaterconservationandwaterresourcessustainabledevelopment[J].WorldSci-techR&D,200123213-17.[15],.:[J].20041851-7.YuTao,CHENGJinsheng.ImpactsoftheagriculturaldevelopmentonthewaterqualityandnitrogenpollutionoftheYellowRiver:caseofNingxiairrigationarea[J].JournalofAridLandResources&Environment,20041851-7.[16],,.[J].2002219541-544.RENShenghong,CHENJiening,LIUYi.EstablishmentofanearlywarningsystemforRegionalWaterEnvironment[J].ShanghaiEnvironmentalSciences,2002219541-544.[17].:[M].:,20044:3-9.MEIXurong,SHIChangli.AgriculturalwaterutilizationandwatersavingdevelopmentstrategyinChina:TheTheoryandTechnologyforhighefficiencywater-savingagriculture[M].Beijin:ChinaAgriculturalScientechPress,2004,4:3-9.TheProblemsandcountermeasuresforagriculturalwaterresourcesandwaterenvironmentinTheYellowRiverBasinWUXueping1,CAIDianxiong1,MEIXurong2,SHENYue3,XIEXiaohong1,ZHANGJianjun1,ZHAOQuansheng11.InstituteofAgriculturalResourcesandRegionalPlanning,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,China;2.InstituteofEnvironmentandDevelopmentinAgriculture,CenterforWaterResourcesandConservationTechnologies,CAAS,Beijing100081,China3.Agro-EnvironmentalProtectionInstitute,MOA,Tianjin300191,ChinaAbstract:ThispaperdealwiththeproblemsaboutwaterresourcesandwaterenvironmentintheYellowRiverBasin,includingwatershortage,waterpollution,andirrigationwaterqualitydeterioration.Therearestilllackofagriculturalwaterresourcesandwater-environmentdeficientmonitoringandearlywarningsystem.Technologyforwater-savingandwaterenvironmentprotectionarestillpoor.Infrastructureconditionandinformationplatformneedtobeenhanced.Croppingsystemsofagriculturalwater-savingneedtobeimproved.Keywords:TheYellowRiverBasin;waterresources;waterenvironment;countermeasures