定语从句超详细讲解

———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————第1页共7页定语从句一学习目标1.熟练掌握定语从句二考点解析⊙定从的功能—解释说明Thisisthefactorythat/whichcanproducesuchmachines这就是能制造这种机器的工厂Thisisthefactorythat/whichwevisitedlastweek这就是我们上周参观的工厂⊙定语从句定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。Iboughtacowthatlookedlikeahorse.⊙定语从句怎么考？语法22.Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.（2016高考北京卷）A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which完形Baltoputhisnosetotheground,52tofindthesmellofotherdogsthathadtraveledonthetrail.（2016高考北京卷）阅读&写作Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇）Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.（2016高考北京卷阅读A篇）⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————第2页共7页Iboughtacow.Thecowlookedlikeahorse.定语从句：IboughtacowthatlookedlikeahorseIboughtacow.Thecow’sfriendwasahorse.定语从句：Iboughtacowwhosefriendwasahorse⊙连接定语从句的步骤：一找：找两句中相同成份,判断相同部分是人或物二删：删除从句中相同部分。三替：用关系词替从句中删除的部分。四放：将关系词放在从句前，将整个从句放到被修饰词后面。关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系词关系副词When,where,why关系代词和关系副词的用法：1.that指人或物（指先行词），在定语从句中做主语，宾语或表语2.Which指物（指先行词），在定语从句中做主语或宾语Thepolicefoundthecarthat/whichranintomine警察找到了撞我车的那辆车Mysonisnolongertheboythathewas5yearsago我儿子不是五年前的他了3.Who指人（指先行词），在定语从句中做主语4.Whom指人（指先行词），在定语从句中做宾语Iwanttoseethescientistwho/thatgaveusatalkjustnow我想见见刚才给我们作报告的科学家Thegirlwhom/thatthefirefighterssavedwassenttothehospital消防员救得那个女孩被送去了医院5.Whose指人或物（指先行词），在定语从句中做定语，即whose+nIwantthebookwhosecoverisred我想要那本封面是红色的书注意：whose=the···ofwhich，the···ofwhomIwantthebookthecoverofwhichisred———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————第3页共7页6.Where指地方（指先行词），在定语从句中做地点状语，有时可以根据意思把where换成inwhich，atwhich等Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworked20yearsagoThisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworked20yearsago这是我父亲20年前工作过的工厂Ithinkyouhavegottoapointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwillfail我猜你已经到了一个需要改变的地步，要不你会失败Youmustnotlookintothecase,whereyourbrotherisinvolved你别参与这个案子的调查了，因为你弟弟卷进去了7.When指时间（指先行词），在定语从句中做时间状语，有时可以根据意思把when换成inwhich，onwhich，duringwhich等Irememberthedayswheniworkedinthecountry我记得在乡下度过的日子JulyisthemonthwhenitisthehottestJulyisthemonthinwhichitisthehottest七月是最热的月份8.Why指原因，先行词是reason，在定语从句中做原因状语，有时可以根据意思把why换成forwhichWedonotknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhehasgonetoshanghai我们不知道他去上海的原因判断关系代词关系副词1.从句中的谓语动词。事实上，及物动词后无宾语，就必须用关系代词；不及物动词则要用关系副词。Thisisthemountainvillagewhereistayedlastyear这是我去年待过的村子Iwillneverforgetthedayswheniworkedtogetherwithyou我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子Thisisahousethat/whichheusedtolivein。这就是他曾经住的房子=Thisisahousewhereheusedtolive=Thisisahouseinwhichheusedtolive2.判断相同的部分（先行词）在定语从句中的成分（主语，宾语，定语，状语）①先行词在从句中做主语，宾语选关系代词；作定语只能选whose；作状语选关系副———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————第4页共7页词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）②先行词是point，situation，case，condition，根据单词意思一般选where或when。⊙挑战挑战1下1.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich2.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when3.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich4.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there挑战2下5.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimeheshouldbeabletobeindependent.(陕西卷)A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when6.Creatinganatmosphereemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.（浙江卷）A.asB.whoseC.inwhichD.atwhich7.Thebooksonthedesk,_____coversareshiny,areprizesforus.（四川卷）A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.thatWhichorthat？8.Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof____werepublishedinthe1990s.(重庆卷)A.whomB.whichC.themD.That9.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————第5页共7页that和which相比，只能填which的情况介词非限制性定语从句3.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_______showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.(福建卷)A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which4.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages..（湖南卷）A.asB.whereC.thatD.whichthat和which相比，只能填that的情况序数词最高级不定代表唯一人和物避重复10.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what11.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系词关系副词When,where,why———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————第6页共7页⊙定语从句的省略1，当先行词在从句中作宾语，关系词可省略；2，当先行词在从句中作主语，且为主动态，关系词可省略，且将谓语变成ing形式；3，当先行词在从句中作主语，且为被动态，关系词和be动词可同时省略。1，当先行词在从句中作宾语，关系词可省略；Whenitcomestogivingourkidstheeducationtheydeserve,Barackknowsthatlikemeandlikesomanyofyou,henevercould'veattendedcollegewithoutfinancialaid.2，当先行词在从句中作主语，且为主动态，关系词可省略，且将谓语变成ing形式；That'sthemanIseeinthosequietmomentslateatnight,hunchedoverhisdesk,poringovertheletterspeoplehavesenthim.Theletterfromthefatherstrugglingtopayhisbills...from