中考英语二轮复习专题非谓语动词

://zhongkao.juren.com/2014中考英语二轮复习专题:非谓语动词名师导航1．动词不定式作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语的用法。2．动名词的用法。3．现在分词和过去分词的用法。考点梳理考点一动词不定式动词不定式的构成：to＋动词原形(有些动词不定式需要不带to)。它没有人称和数的变化；在句中不能作谓语，但能保持动词的特点。1．作主语常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末。常用句型结构为“It's＋adj./n.＋(for/ofsb)＋todosth.”如：Toasktheteacherforhelpisnecessary.＝Itisnecessarytoasktheteacherforhelp.向老师求教是必要的。2．作宾语(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,refuse,learn，remember,forget,wouldlike/love等。如：Ihope__________therebeforedark.我希望天黑以前到那儿。(2)在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式移至形容词之后，构成“主语＋动词＋it(形式宾语)＋宾补(形容词/名词)＋不定式”结构。如：Ifounditdifficulttosolvetheproblem.我发现解决这个问题很难。3．作宾语补足语(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：tell,ask,allow,want,help,wish,teach,warn,invite,like,encourage等。如：Theteachertoldus__________Exercise1.://zhongkao.juren.com/老师要我们做练习一。(2)在使役动词let,make,have和感官动词see，hear,watch,notice,feel,find等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。但是，当上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上to。如：Weoftenhearhersing.我们经常听见她唱歌。→被动语态：Sheisoftenheardtosing.她常被听见唱歌。4．作状语[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]不定式作状语，常见的有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。Laterhelefthometoworkindifferentcities.后来他离开家到不同的城市工作。5．作定语(须后置)Idon'thaveapartnertopracticeEnglishwith.我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。6．作表语Theirdutyis__________theanimals.他们的职责是照看动物。7.“疑问词＋不定式”结构动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,when,where,how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。如：Hedoesn'tknow________________.他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语)Wheretogohasnotbeendecided.要去哪里还未决定。(作主语)[来源:学科网][提醒]动词不定式的否定结构是：nottodosth。【即时训练】1.【2013黑龙江绥化】14.Remember________offthelightswhenyouleavetheroom,please.[育出版网]A.toturnB.turningC.turn2.【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】20.Ittakesmehalfanhourthepianoeveryday.A.playB.playingC.toplay://zhongkao.juren.com/3.【2013湖北随州】34.—Whatdidyourteachersaythismorning?[来@源:中国教育*出—Shetoldus______makefacesinclass.[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]tonotB.nottoC.donotD.didn't4.【2013四川凉山】32.Whenyoumovesomewherenew,thefirstthingforyouistofindaplace.A.toliveB.livinginC.tolivein5.【2013浙江舟山、嘉兴】24.—I’mnewhere.—Don’tworry.I’lldowhatIcan________you.A.helpB.tohelpC.inviteD.toinvite6.【2013山东泰安】30.—WhyisLinlinpracticingspeakingEnglish?—_______abroadforfurtherstudy.A.GoB.GoneC.TogoD.Goes7.【2013山东青岛】15.—Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellme______mycar?—Sure.Parkitrighthere.I’llhelpyou.A.howtostopB.wheretoparkC.wheretostopD.whentopark8.【2013甘肃白银】59.Thelittleboypretended_______whenhismothercamein.A.sleepingB.asleepC.toasleepD.tobeasleep9.【2013甘肃白银】57.——Georgewasheard_______justnow.Whathappened?——Peoplewastellingajoke.A.tocryB.cryC.tolaughD.laugh[中~国&^教育出%版网@]10.【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】27.Animalsareourclosefriends.Wearesupposedthem.A.toprotectB.protectingC.protect考点二动名词1．作主语(谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)Playingcomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。2．作宾语常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：enjoy,finish,consider,miss,keep,mind,practice,suggest,bebusy,feellike,giveup,can'thelp,lookforwardto等。Haveyoufinished__________thebook?你读完这本书了吗？3．作表语Oneofmydutiesis________letters.我的职责之一是打信件。://zhongkao.juren.com/4．作定语Therearetwogirls________onthestage.有两个女孩在台上跳舞。[提醒](1)有些词既可接不定式又可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意义不同，常见的有：stoptodosth停下来去做另外一件事stopdoingsth停止做某事trytodosth试图/企图做某事trydoingsth尝试着做某事forgettodosth忘记要去做某事(还没做)forgetdoingsth忘记做过了某事(已做)(2)有些动词后需要跟动名词，而不能跟不定式形式。常见的有：consider,enjoy,excuse,face,finish,forgive,giveup,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,practise,suggest等。[来源:学科网ZXXK]【即时训练】1.【2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔】23.TheGreatGreenWallcanstopthewindandsandtotherichlandinthesouthofChina.A.moveB.tomoveC.frommoving2.【2013湖南衡阳】25.—Lauraenjoysstorybooks.[来源:#中^&国教育*出—Me,too.A.readingB.readC.toread3.【2013湖南娄底】26.—Wouldyoumind_________thewindow?It'sveryhot.—No,notatall.[来源%#:@中教&^网]A.openB.toopenC.opening4.【2013湖南益阳】28.Youlooktootired.Whynot______arest?[来&@源:中国教育出%#A.stoptohaveB.tostophavingC.stophaving5.【2013湖南益阳】35.Heusedto_____inasmallvillage,butnowhehasbeenusedto____inabigcity.A.live;livingB.live;liveC.living;living6.【2013四川广安】29．—I’mlookingforwardto_____myparentssoon.Whataboutyou?[中^@%教育&出~版网]—Metoo．A.seeingB.seeC.saw[来源:*&中国教~#育出版网@]7.【2013四川内江】39.OurEnglishteacheroftensaystous,“____Englishwellisveryimportant”://zhongkao.juren.com/A.LearnB.LearningC.LearnedD.Tolearning8.【2013湖南邵阳】25.—Whataboutarest?[来#^&源*:@中教网]—Let'sgoforawalk.A.totakeB.takeC.taking[来源&:中教^@*#网]9.【2013江苏无锡】9.Don’tthrowawaythewastepaper.Itneedssothatitcanbereused.A.todestroyB.destroyingC.tocollectD.collecting10.【2013湖北襄阳】38.—Drivingless,walkingmoreisgoodforourhealth.—SoI'dratheranhour'swalktoworkthanconsideracar.A.take,driveB.take,todriveC.take,drivingD.taking,driving考点三分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词v.－ing，有主动、进行之意；过去分词v.－ed，有被动、完成之意。1．作定语Chinaisa________country.Americaisa________country.中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。IknowtheboycalledLiMing.我认识那个叫李明的男孩。2．作表语Thebookisinteresting.I'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。3．作宾语补足语(1)现在分词常用在see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,have等动词后面，作宾语补足语。如：Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.他们让我等了很久。(2)在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等词后，既可用现在分词作宾语补足语，也可以用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。两者的区别：用现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行；用不定式时，表示动作已经发生，动作的过程已经结束。Isawhimgoupstairs.我看见他上楼了。(看见他上楼的整个过程)