CA6140普通车床的数控改造设计(张超)

毕业设计用纸共26页第1页摘要本设计说明书包括：概论、总体设计方案的拟定和验证、自动转位刀架的选择设计、编码盘安装部分的结构设计等几个部分。数控车床系统中刀架控制系统的软硬件设计与实现方法,整个系统具有结构简单,安装调试方便,可靠性高,成本低廉等优点,可用于车床数控化改造和数控实验系统的开发。改造后的机车，主运动实现自动变速，刀架要是自动控制的自动转位刀架，要能自动切削螺纹。关键字：数控改造编码盘滚珠丝杠刀架毕业设计用纸共26页第2页AbstractThisintroductionofthedesignincluded:Thedraw-upofthegeneraloutline,thedecisionandverifyofthetotaldesignalprojection,thereformsdesigntothepartsofthelordspreadstomove,thereformsdesigntothesystemofserveenters,thechoiceanddesigntotheknifewhichturnautomatically,theconstructionsdesignofcodingdishgearingpart,andsoon.whiletheMotorcyclebeenreformed,thelordexercisesrealizetochangespeedautomatically.lengthways,horizontalentertoproceedtosystemthenumbercontrolsthecontrol,andrequesttoattainlengthwaysminimumsportunitas0.01mm/pulse,horizontalminimumsportunitas0.005mm/pulse,knifemustbetheautomaticcontrolaknifewhichisturningautomatically,anditisabletoslicethethreadautomatically.Keywords:Thenumbercontrolstoreformsthesystemofentersrollthebeadinsilkautomaticknife毕业设计用纸共26页第3页目录第一章绪论.......................................................................................................................41.1数控系统发展简史........................................................................................................41.2国内数控机床状况分析................................................................................................41.3数控系统的发展趋势....................................................................................................41.3.1继续向开放式、基于PC的第六代方向发展...........................................................41.3.2向高速化和高精度化发展..........................................................................................51.4机床数控化改造的必要性..........................................................................................51.5数控化改造的市场空间..........................................................................................61.6机床改造的效益分析..............................................................................................61.7设计内容及任务..........................................................................................................7第二章总体方案的拟定和论证.........................................................................................82.1自动转位刀架选择设计...................................................................................................82.2可行性论证..................................................................................................................82.3刀架设计方案的拟定..................................................................................................9第三章系统的硬件设计.................................................................................................103.1数控车床刀架的基本要求..........................................................................................103.2数控车床刀架结构......................................................................................................103.3工作原理....................................................................................................................113.4刀架的安装................................................................................................................12第四章系统的软件设计.................................................................................................134.1光电编码器工作原理................................................................................................134.2步进电机频率对编码盘的限制................................................................................144.3编码盘的安装............................................................................................................144.4单片机和主机（PC机）的连接..............................................................................154.58031单片机接口的扩展...........................................................................................164.6键盘/显示器接口芯片8279......................................................................................174.7中断优先电路............................................................................................................204.8光电隔离电路............................................................................................................214.9单片机控制的自动换刀程序设计............................................................................22结论.....................................................................................................................................24谢辞.....................................................................................................................................25参考文献.............................................................................................................................26毕业设计用纸共26页第4页第一章绪论1.1数控系统发展简史1946年诞生了世界上第一台电子计算机，这表明人类创造了可增强和部分代替脑力劳动的工具。它与人类在农业、工业社会中创造的那些只是增强体力劳动的工具相比，起了质的飞跃，为人类进入信息社会奠定了基础。6年后，即在1952年，计算机技术应用到了机床上，在美国诞生了第一台数控机床。从此，传统机床产生了质的变化。近半个世纪以来，数控系统经历了两个阶段和六代的发展。1.2国内数控机床状况分析1.2.1国内数控机床现状近年来我国企业的数控机床占有率逐年上升，在大中企业已有较多的使用，在中小企业甚至个体企业中也普遍开始使用。在这些数控机床中，除少量机床以FMS模式集成使用外，大都处于单机运行状态，并且相当部分处于使用效率不高，管理方式落后的状态。2001年，我国机床工业产值已进入世界第5名，机床消费额在世界排名上升到第3位，达47.39亿美元，仅次于美国的53.6