专业英语P2U1教学课件1

自动化专业英语教程教学课件July28,2007Email:[e-mail]课文内容简介：这是一篇关于专业课《自动控制原理》、《现代控制理论》的综述性文章。主要介绍控制的基本概念、起源、功能、控制系统的分类和术语、控制系统工程设计问题等内容。2.温习《自动控制原理》、《现代控制理论》中绪论的内容。3.生词与短语regulatev.调整aboundv.大量存在powerboost功率助推装置aerodynamicadj.空气动力学的dampv.阻尼，减幅，衰减yawn.偏航altituden.海拔attituden.姿态intuitionn.直觉trail-and-errorn.试凑法P2U1ATheWorldofControl第二部分第一单元课文A控制的世界dynamicresponse动态响应disturbancen.扰动parametern.参数modificationn.修正，修改transferfunction传递函数domainn.域，领域adventn.出现statevariable状态变量matrixalgebra矩阵代数approachn.途径，方法；研究proponentn.提倡者detractorn.批评者tutorialadj.指导性的subsequentadj.后序的open-loopn.开环closed-loopn.闭环P2U1ATheWorldofControl第二部分第一单元课文A控制的世界discreteadj.离散的differentialequation微分方程differenceequation差分方程intervaln.间隔sampled-datan.采样数据nonlinearadj.非线性的time-invariantadj.时不变的coefficientn.系数stationaryadj.静态的lumpedparameter集中参数distributedparameter分散参数spatialadj.空间的springn.弹簧leadn.导线resistancen.阻抗P2U1ATheWorldofControl第二部分第一单元课文A控制的世界uniformadj.一致的elasticadj.有弹性的ordinarydifferentialequation常微分方程partialdifferentialequation偏微分方程deterministicadj.确定的stochasticadj.随机的predictableadj.可断定的probabilitytheory概率论multivariablen.多变量configurationn.构造，结构propertyn.性质modeln.模型v.建模linearizationn.线性化strategyn.方法performancecriteria性能指标P2U1ATheWorldofControl第二部分第一单元课文A控制的世界hardwaren.硬件developmentsystem开发系统rationalen.理论，原理的阐述4.难句翻译[1]ThereactiontimeofahumanpilotistooslowtoenablehimorhertoflyanaircraftwithalightlydampedDutchrollmodewithoutayawdampersystem.飞行员的反应速度太慢，如果不附加阻尼偏航系统，飞行员就无法通过轻微阻尼的侧倾转向方式来驾驶飞机。[2]Sincetheoutputisfedbackinafunctionalformdeterminedbythenatureofthefeedbackelementsandthensubtractedfromtheinput…因为输出会以由反馈部件特性决定的函数形式反馈回来，然后从输入中减去……THEWorldofControlThewordcontrolisusuallytakentomeanregulate,direct,orcommand.Controlsystemsaboundinourenvironment.Inthemostabstractsenseitispossibletoconsidereveryphysicalobjectasacontrolsystem.Introductiondirect指导aboundin存在abstractsense抽象意义Controlsystemsdesignedbyhumansareusedtoextendtheirphysicalcapabilities,toCompensatefortheirphysicallimitations,torelievethemofroutineortedioustasks,ortosaveMoney.Inamodernaircraft,forexample,thepowerboostcontrolsamplifytheforceappliedbythepilottomovethecontrolsurfacesagainstlargeaerodynamicforces.extendtheirphysicalcapabilities扩展能力Compensatefortheirphysicallimitations弥补生理上的限制routineortedioustasks常规、单调的工作thepowerboostcontrols功率助推装置controlsurfaces控制翼面aerodynamicforces空气阻力ThereactiontimeofahumanpilotistooslowtoenablehimorhertoflyanaircraftwithalightlydampedDutchrollmodewithouttheadditionofayawdampersystem.Anautopilot(flightcontrolsystem)relievesthepilotofthetaskofcontinuouslyoperatingthecontrolstomaintainthedesiredheading,altitude,andattitude.Freedofthisroutinetask,thepilotcanperformothertasks,suchasnavigationand/orcommunications,thusreducingthenumberofcrewrequiredandconsequentlytheoperatingcostoftheaircraft.alightlydampedDutchrollmode轻微阻尼的侧倾转向方式yawdampersystem阻尼偏航系统maintainthedesiredheading,altitude,andattitude保持正确航向、高度和姿态navigation领航Inmanycases,thedesignofcontrolsystemisbasedonsometheoryratherthanintuitionortrail-and-error.Controltheoryisusedfordealingwiththedynamicresponseofasystemtocommands,regulations,ordisturbances.Theapplicationofcontroltheoryhasessentiallytwophases:dynamicanalysisandcontrolsystemdesign.Theanalysisphaseisconcernedwithdeterminationoftheresponseofaplant(thecontrolledobject)tocommands,disturbances,andchangesintheplantparameters.Ifthedynamicresponseissatisfactory,thereneedbenosecondphase.Iftheresponseisunsatisfactoryandmodificationoftheplantisunacceptable,adesignphaseisnecessarytoselectthecontrolelements(thecontroller)neededtoimprovethedynamicperformancetoacceptablelevels.intuitionortrail-and-error直觉或试凑法commands,regulations,ordisturbances命令、调节或扰动phases方面modificationoftheplantisunacceptable不能改变被控对象determinationoftheresponseofaplant被控对象的决定性作用Controltheoryitselfhastwocategories:classicalandmodern.Classicalcontroltheory,whichhaditsstartduringWorldWarII,canbecharacterizedbythetransferfunctionconceptwithanalysisanddesignprincipallyintheLaplaceandfrequencydomains.Moderncontroltheoryhasarisenwiththeadventofhigh-speeddigitalcomputersandcanbecharacterizedbythestatevariableconceptwithemphasisonmatrixalgebraandwithanalysisanddesignprincipallyinthetimedomain.Asmightbeexpected,eachapproachhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantagesaswellasitsproponentsanddetractors.categories部分transferfunctionconcept传递函数概念adventofhigh-speeddigitalcomputers高速数字计算机的出现statevariable状态变量matrixalgebra矩阵代数proponentsanddetractors倡导者和反对者Ascomparedtomodernapproach,theclassicalapproachhasthetutorialadvantageofplacinglessemphasisonmathematicaltechniquesandmoreemphasisonphysicalunderstanding.Furthermore,inmanydesignsituationstheclassicalapproachisnotonlysimplerbutmaybecompletelyadequate.Inthosemorecomplexcaseswhereitisnotadequate,theclassicalapproachsolutionmayaidinapplyingthemodernapproachandmayprovideacheckonthemorecompleteandexactdesign.Forthesereasonsthesubsequentarticleswillin