中国外来海洋生物入侵的现状_危害及其防治对策

264200712:100223682(2007)042004920931,23,1,2,1,2,1,2(1.,266061;2.,266061):,,,,,,,,,,,:;;;:Q143:A,():[1],,,[2],,32000km,473104km2,5,,,,,,,[3],3:2007209211:(2004DIB3J085):(19782),,,.3:[e-mail]()©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[4],,,,,,,,,,[5,6](Spartinaanglica),200316[7],2060,,,,1983,7,20020,,[8]40a,,[9],19901993,[10],,,,,[8,11],,2001102914,[8],(Strongylocentrotusintermedius),,,,(Stronglocentrotusnudus),054©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[8],,2000(Desmarestialigulata),,1m,(3050cm),,[6],(Scophalmusmaximus)(Penaeusjaponicus),,,,1.2,,,,,[12],,,,[13,14],[8],,,,,[15],,,,1991,,,[6],,97.3%,100%,,[16],(Venerupisphilippinaram),1,,[17]1.3,,,[18]1993,,1996,1526,:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[8],,,,,,1.4,,[8],,19971998,(Phaeocystispouchetis),,[19]1999[20]2004,,,,16,,[21]2,,[14],[22],2002,40[23],3,,,,,,,,,,[6]254©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,,,,,,,,,[24],,[25]3.2,,[26],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[21],3.3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3.4,[6],3526,:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[27],,,,,[23]4.1,,,,,,,,[6],,,,,4.2,,,,,,,454©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[2],,,,,,,,[28],,,()()(),,,,,(),,,,,[23],(),,,,,,,,[24,29]5,,,,,,5526,:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1]WILLIAMSONM.Biologicalinvasions[M].[s.l.]:ChapmanandHall,1996.[2],.[J].,2004,39(4):123.[3].400[J].,2005,22(1):51.[4],,.[J].,2002,10(1):1192125.[5].[J].,2005,(7):20221.[6],,.[J].,2005,(3):58266.[7],.[J].,2003,16(4):3832385.[8],.[J].,2001,9(4):4582465.[9],.[J].,2005,(1):56259.[10],,,.[J].,1999,18(4):3722377.[11],,.[J].2001,25(5):5162523.[12],.[J].,2003,(2):41247.[13],.[J].,2002,24(6):92298.[14],.[J].,2005,30(1):36238.[15].[D].:,2005.[16].[D].:,2002.[17].[D].:,2005.[18],,,.[J].,2001,20(2):2592265.[19],,,.(Phaeocystisglobosa)[J].:,1999,20(3):1242129.[20],,,.[J].,2003,22(1):93294.[21].[J].,2005,(5):26228.[22]BAXN,WILLIAMSONA,AGUEROM,etal..Marineinvasivealienspeciesathreattoglobalbiodiversity[J].MarinePolicy,2003,27(4):3132323.[23],.[J].,2004,(5):19222.[24],,,.[J].,2002,21(5):40248.[25],,,.[J].,2005,24(1):41243.[26],,,.[J].,2005,19(2):87290.[27],,,.[J].,2003,11(3):2402247.[28],.[J].,2001,(3):7210.[29],.[J].,2003,3(3):22224.654©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1.FirstInstituteofOceanography,SOA,Qingdao266061,China;2.KeyLabofMarineBioactiveSubstances,SOA,Qingdao266061,China)Abstract:Thebiologicalinvasionhasbecomeamatterofconcerntothewholeworlda2longwiththedevelopmentofglobalizedeconomyandtheincreasinginternationalflowsofgoodsandpeople.ThestudiesonterrestrialbiologicalinvasionintoChinahavegrad2uallybeencarriedout,butlessattentionhasbeendrawntothemarinebiologicalinva2sionintoChina,mostofstudiesinthisfieldwerebasedongeneraldataanalysiswithoutsufficientfieldinvestigationandexperimentdata,andthereisalackofbasicdatafores2timatingthehazardsandproposingthepreventionandcontrolmeasuresofmarinebio2logicinvasion.Inthispaper,thepresentsituation,hazardsandpreventionandcontrolmea2suresofmarineinvasivealienspeciesintoChinaaresummarized,whichwillprovidetechnicalsupportforstudyingthepreventionandcontrolofmarinealienbiologicalinva2sionintoChina.Keywords:marinealienorganism;biologicalinvasion;hazard;preventionandcontrolmeasures7526,:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.