高中语法讲义1-名词

高材生课外辅导社资料——高中英语资料专心！专注！专业！做我区最好的课外辅导机构！第1页（共8页）任课老师：冼泳晴15626180559高中英语语法·第一章名词一、名词的分类类别解释专有名词表示人、地方、组织机构或事物的专有的名词，如Asia,Britain,Christmas,theGreatWall等。普通名词可数个体名词表示个别人或事物的名词，如actor,flag,card等。集体名词表示若干人或事物的总称，如army,class,family等。不可数物质名词表示物质或材料的名称，如ash,bread,cotton,money等。抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态或情感等抽象概念的名称，如anger.二、名词的所有格名词作定语修饰另一个名词，表示所有关系，称为所有格。其词形变化有三种：’s，of和双重属格。1、表示有生命的东西的名词或表示时间、空间、距离、价格、重量等名词的所有格*观察：anhour’sdrive,Students’readingroom,JimandBob’sdesk,gotothebarber’s规律：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2、表示无生命的东西的名词所有格（少数有生命的名词也可）：a/an/the+sth.+of+sth.*填空：中国的地图_________一个七岁的男孩_________我的一个旧朋友_________3、复合名词或名词短语的所有格高材生课外辅导社资料——高中英语资料专心！专注！专业！做我区最好的课外辅导机构！第2页（共8页）任课老师：冼泳晴15626180559*意思辨析：Hu’sroomandLi’s,HuandLi’sroom不同之处：________________________________________________________________三、名词的数上面提到，普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。简单来说，可数名词是可以直接用数次来修饰的名词，而不可数名词必须用“数词+名词（量词）+of”才能表示他们的数量。*请将以下名词改成其复数形式：apple______box______boss______brush______coach______baby______knife______half______belief______handkerchief______potato______radio______foot______fish______Chinese______sheep______Yuan（元）______deer______child______mouse______ox______penny（便士）______bacterium（细菌）______medium（新闻媒介）______phenomenon（现象）______looker-on（旁观者）______passer-by（过路人）______grown-up（成年人）______go-between（中间人）______amanwaiter______agentlemanlawyer______*记一记：1、只有复数形式的名词clothes,compasses（圆规）,cross-roads（十字路口）,clippers（指甲钳）,jeans,gloves,spectacles（眼镜）,pants,socks,scissors,sleepers（拖鞋）等。2、做不可数名词时表示抽象或物质，做可数名词是表具体事物高材生课外辅导社资料——高中英语资料专心！专注！专业！做我区最好的课外辅导机构！第3页（共8页）任课老师：冼泳晴15626180559beauty美→abeauty美人character性格→acharacter人物duck鸭肉→aduck鸭子exercise锻炼→anexercise练习room空间→aroom房间iron铁→aniron电熨斗word消息→aword词、话will意志→awill遗嘱failure失败→afailure失败的人success成功→asuccess成功的人（事）3、单、复数形式意思不同的名词Custom风俗→customs关税，海关green绿色→greens蔬、青菜people人们→peoples民族time时间→times时代，次数wood木头→woods树林necessity必要性→necessities必需品4、看起来不可数，可加a/an转换为个体名词的名词abusiness一家公司apity令人惋惜的事apleasure一件乐事aknowledge一门知识avoice一种声音awalk一次步行arest一次休息ahelp一个帮手5、常用不可数名词advice,baggage,luggage,courage,fun,furniture,peace,housework,health,wealth,strength,progress,rubbish,traffic,truth.四、表示名词数、量、单位的词语常用单位词接不可数article（件），piece,sheet,bar,drop,loaf/cake/block（块）,bottle,head,glass,ton接复数可数Set,row（排）,line,pair,group,team,crowd,suit（套）五、巩固习题高材生课外辅导社资料——高中英语资料专心！专注！专业！做我区最好的课外辅导机构！第4页（共8页）任课老师：冼泳晴15626180559（一）高考题回放1.Don’tleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin____oflittlechildren.A.handB.reachC.spaceD.distance2.Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphis____.A.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind3.IamsureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary—hehasapretty____ofdirection.A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense4.TheheadofficeofthebankisinBeijing,butithas____alloverthecountry.A.companiesB.branchesC.organizationsD.business5.My____ofthisweekend’sactivityistogooutwithsomegoodfriends.A.ideaB.opinionC.mindD.thought（二）常用易混名词对比辨析练习1.a)HarryPotterhanded_____ofwinetohisgoodfriend.b)HarryPotterputonhis_____toreadthenovel.A.glassB.glassesC.apieceofglassD.aglass2.a)Chinahasbeenmaking_____fortwothousandyears.b)Twothousand_____weresentroundthetown.A.paperB.apaperC.papersD.thepaper3.a)I’dliketohave_____withyou,Dr.Yang.b)Heoftenhas_____withhiswife,forshealwaystellslies.A.wordB.awordC.wordsD.theword4.a)Hisunclewasoutof_____lastyear.b)The_____hisunclewrotelastyearsellswell.高材生课外辅导社资料——高中英语资料专心！专注！专业！做我区最好的课外辅导机构！第5页（共8页）任课老师：冼泳晴15626180559A.workB.aworkC.worksD.working5.a)_____dormitoryisn’tlargebutit’snicetolivein.b)_____dormitoriesaren’tlargebutthey’reinourschool.A.Rob’sandBobB.RobandBobC.Rob’sandBob’sD.RobandBob’s6.a)Therearethirty-three_____studentsinourclass.b)Therearetwenty-three_____teachersinourschool.A.boyB.manC.boysD.men附：语法填空练习OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment1.____(late)thatday.Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme2.____thebusarrived.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman3.____(sit)atthefront.He4.____(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.Hemustbe5.____(mental)disabled.Behindhimwereotherpeopleto6.____hewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutes7.____walkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.Ididn’twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn’tlikeleavinghim8.____hisowneither.AfterawhileIrosefrommyseatandwalkedtothefrontofthebus.Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad9.____amazingconversation.HegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofthewayhome.I’mgladImadethechoice.Itmade10.____ofusfeelgood.高材生课外辅导社资料——高中英语资料专心！专注！专业！做我区最好的课外辅导机构！第6页（共8页）任课老师：冼泳晴15626180559语法填空技巧笔记：练习答案二、（2）themapofChinaaboyofsevenanoldfriendofmine（3）各自的房间共有的房间三、名词的数Applesboxesbossesbrushescoachesbabieskniveshalvesbeliefshandkerchiefs/vespotatoesradiosfeetfishChinesesheepYuandeerchildrenmiceoxenpencebacteriamediaphenomenalookers-onpassers-bygrown-upsgo-betweenetwomenwaiterstwogentlemenlawyers五、巩固习题（一）BCDBA（二）DBACBCACDCAD语法填空答案：高材生课外辅导社资料——高中英语资料专心！专注！专业！做我区最好的课外辅导机构！第7页（共8页）任课老师：冼泳晴156261805591.later2.until3.sitting4.waspre